Recreational carrying capacity of an Amazon macrotidal beach during vacation periods

Federal conservation units in the Brazilian amazon coastal zone: An adequate approach to control recreational activities?

“…Beach tourism on the Amazon coast is limited by the long and intense rainy season, the relative isolation of most beaches, as well as the low quality of local services and infrastructures (Pereira et al, 2009;Pessoa et al, 2013;Sousa et al, 2017). As most of the Amazon coastal zone is legally protected by conservation units, as the Marine Extractive Reserves, where recreational activities tend to occur within these areas.…”

“…1C), in turn, is an oceanic beach located between two tidal channels within the Caeté-Taperaçú Marine Extractive Reserve (Brasil, 2005;ICMBio, 2012). It is a rural beach with considerable touristic potential, which is visited by thousands of beachgoers, in particular during the July school vacation, when the total number of beachgoers may reach almost 100,000, and public holidays (Pereira et al, 2009;Pessoa et al, 2013). There are approximately 300 local residents, who make a living from artisanal fishing and tourism.…”

“…The level of the tide may further reinforce overcrowding, with rising tides forcing beachgoers to the backshore zone (Sousa et al, 2011;2016;Pessoa et al, 2013). There, the high hydrodynamic energy can be a danger to bathers due to the risk of drowning.…”

Capacidade de carga de uma praia sob o impacto do processo de erosão costeira (praia do Icaraí). Subsídios para o gerenciamento costeiro do estado do Ceará, Brasil

“…Ao se analisar os parâmetros do número ótimo de visitantes que dedo destino pode acolher, deve-se levar em consideração a percepção dos usuários do local em relação ao ponto em que a infraestrutura e as condições naturais se tornam insuficientes para satisfazer suas necessidades, originando assim, impactos negativos (Batta, 2000;Murphy, 2001;Coccossis, 2004;Kallis & Coccossis, 2004;Silva et al, 2009). A importância desse conceito para a compreensão dos limites aceitáveis de uso tem sido demonstrada por inúmeros estudos sobre a capacidade de carga em áreas recreativas e turísticas (Wagar, 1974;Burch & Graefe, 1984;Brown et al, 1997;De Ruyck et al, 1997;Pires, 2005;Lessa, 2006;Ruschmann et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2009;Silva et al, 2012;Zacarias, 2013;Pessoa et al, 2013).…”