Recreational water quality status of the Kidd's Beach as determined by its physicochemical and bacteriological quality parameters

Abstract

Coastal water resources are habitually exposed to indiscriminate anthropogenic pollution. However, due to their negative consequences to the public health, recreational waters require continuous monitoring for disease-causing organisms as a way of preventing ailments associated with swimming. As a result, the present study assessed the physicochemical parameters and microbial loads of water samples collected from six different sampling points on Kidd's Beach using standard analytical procedures. Generated data were analysed with One-way ANOVA and spearman correlation (at 95%). The physicochemical qualities varied as follows: pH (7.21–8.23), temperature (18.46–27.63 °C), turbidity (0–25.67 NTU), electrical conductivity (22723–62067 μS/cm), total dissolved solids (7662–31037 mg/L), and salinity (8.95–41.84 PSU). All these measured parameters were significantly different ( P < 0.05) with respect to the sampling sites. Presumptive Enterococcus counts ranged from 64 – 168 CFU/100 mL of water samples. Out of 409 presumptive Enterococcus isolates obtained from the culture-based method, 67 were confirmed to be Enterococcus by PCR-techniques. From the 67 confirmed isolates, 19 (E. faecalis ) and 40( E. feacium ) while 8(other species that were non-targeted). Findings from this study shown that Kidd's Beach water samples contain some pathogenic bacteria that pose high risk to the public health and make it to be unfit for recreational use when compared to DWAF and US EPA guidelines. Therefore, effort should be made to strictly control all activities contributing to the level of pollution in the marine environment.

Ecological and human health risk assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons in surface water and sediment from Woji Creek in the Niger Delta Estuary of Rivers State, Nigeria

“…The TDS showed positive correlation with hydrocarbons in the surface water (r = 0.53∗) and sediment (r = -0.40). Similar to this study, the study of Adeniji et al. (2019) in Kidd's Beach (Cape Province) in South Africa found a positive correlation between the TDS and EC.…”

“…The TDS showed positive correlation with hydrocarbons in the surface water (r ¼ 0.53*) and sediment (r ¼ -0.40). Similar to this study, the study of Adeniji et al (2019) in Kidd's Beach (Cape Province) in South Africa found a positive correlation between the TDS and EC. The negative correlation observed shows that, despite the increasing trend of TDS and EC downstream, TPH is reducing downstream.…”

Calidad Ambiental De La Laguna María La Gorda De La Ciudad De Río Gallegos, Argentina

“…Sobreviven sólo por cortos periodos de tiempo en el agua (Rubio-Arias et al 2016), por lo que sirven de alerta sobre la posible presencia de patógenos potenciales (WHO 2003, Gracia et al 2018. La alta prevalencia de especies de enterococos puede ser un indicador de posibles riesgos para la salud de los usuarios que frecuentan estas aguas (Adeniji et al 2019). Nevers et al (2018) estudiaron la densidad de Escherichia coli en aguas del lago Michigan (Indiana), concluyendo que el principal aporte de este microorganismo es por aves, seguido de perros y humanos.…”

Molecular detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene determinants of Enterococcus species isolated from coastal water in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

“…Total genomic DNA was extracted using the boiling method as described by Magueri et al [39]. Confirmative PCR identification of enterococci was done based on the method described by Ke et al [40] and Adeniji et al [41] using genus-specific primers targeting the tuf-gene using E. faecalis (DSM 20,478) as a positive control.…”