Recruitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Damaged Sites by Plant-Derived Components

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into a limited number of diverse cells and secrete regenerative factors that contribute to the repair of damaged tissue. In response to signals emitted by tissue damage, MSCs migrate from the bone marrow and area surrounding blood vessels within tissues into the circulating blood, and accumulate at the site of damage. Hence, MSC transplantation therapy is beginning to be applied to the treatment of various intractable human diseases. Recent medicinal plants studies have shown that plant-derived components can activate cell functions. For example, several plant-derived components activate cell signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), enhance expression of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, stimulate extracellular matrix remodeling, and consequently, promote cell migration of MSCs. Moreover, plant-derived components have been shown to promote recruitment of MSCs to damaged tissues and enhance healing in disease models, potentially advancing their therapeutic use. This article provides a comprehensive review of several plant-derived components that activate MSC migration and homing to damaged sites to promote tissue repair.

Adipose-Derived Stem Migration in the Vascular System after Transplantation and the Potential Colonization of Ectopic Sites in Swine

“…Intravenously injected ASC have been identified in the bone marrow, spleen and blood of mice [27,28]. In addition, ASC can migrate towards and engraft in blood and major hematopoietic organs [12,29]. In contrast, our results did not find labeled ASC in blood samples after 1 hour, nor were there signs of fluorescently labeled cells in the blood 2 or 4 weeks after cell injection.…”

“…However, there is evidence that adhesion molecules such as selectin, chemokine receptors and integrins play a role in migrating mesenchymal stem cells [2,[5][6][7]. However, it is clear that MSC are capable of specific migration to a site of injury when delivered by intravenous injection [3,6,[8][9][10][11][12]. Furthermore, the liberation of ASC from subcutaneous adipose tissue has been recently shown to regulate intramuscular adipocyte deposition in ectopic sites [13].…”

Synergistically Promoting Bone Regeneration by Icariin-Incorporated Porous Microcarriers and Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Derived From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…So it was thought that IGFBP3 and CXCL 12 might be contained in ECM for inducing cell migration. In recent years, some studies have shown that plant-derived components of ICA could promote the migration of BMSCs into damaged tissues and enhance the healing of damaged tissues ( Cui et al, 2017 ; Maeda, 2020 ). Although the mechanism of BMSCs migration have not been clearly defined, Zhu et al (2018) concluded that ICA promoted the migration of BMSCs by activating HIF-1α and further regulated the expression of CXCR4.…”

Inhibition of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase by natural plant extracts

“…Cinnamtannin isomers have been reported in various Cinnamomum species, as well as a number of other plant species (Virtbauer et al ., 2008; Idowu et al ., 2010; Wen et al ., 2015; González De Llano et al ., 2019; Li et al ., 2020; Maeda, 2020; Yang et al ., 2020). This further strengthens the expectation that plants may contain compounds with cellulolytic‐enzyme‐modulating properties, and that proanthocyanidins, such as cinnamtannin, may play a role in LPMO inhibition.…”