Recrystallization

Mullin, J.W.

doi:10.1016/b978-075064833-2/50009-7

Cited by 323 publications

(150 citation statements)

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“…At low supersaturation, crystals can grow faster than they nucleate, which results in a larger crystal size while at higher supersaturation, crystal nucleation dominates crystal growth, ultimately resulting in smaller crystals [26]. The obtained results are in fair agreement with the observation that by increasing the level of supersaturation, the crystallite size is reduced.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Analysissupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Actually, the rate of particle growth is governed by the concentration of the precursors and their reactivity. In the present work, crystal nucleation is dominant because of higher supersaturation of NaOH, resulting in rapid conversion of Zn 2+ ions into [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2− complexes with relatively low aggregation, which leads to smaller particle size with spherical shape [2,26] having the average diameter of 60 nm for sample C1 and 50 nm for sample C4. The FESEM images show reduction in the diameter of the ZnO nanoparticles which is in accordance with the XRD peak width (FWHM) analysis and the crystallite size calculations of the samples (Table 2).…”

Section: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (Fe-sem) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of NaOH concentration on optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Koutu

Shastri

Malik

2016

Materials Science-Poland

107

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In the present work, powder zinc oxide samples were prepared by varying NaOH concentration (0.1 M -0.4 M) using wet-chemical co-precipitation method. As-synthesized ZnO was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. Formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure of the ZnO samples has been revealed from XRD studies. This study further suggests reduction in crystallite size from 40 nm to 23 nm with an increase in NaOH concentration which is confirmed by FESEM. PL and Raman spectroscopy studies of these samples show significant peak shift towards the higher and lower energy respectively, with maximum PL emission between 400 nm and 470 nm region of the visible spectrum. Noticeable inverse relationship between optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles and NaOH concentration may be attributed to the rapid nucleation during the synthesis process. With these remarkable properties, ZnO nanoparticles may find applications in nanoelectronic devices, sensors, nanomedicine, GATE dielectrics, photovoltaic devices, etc.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Analysissupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (Fe-sem) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of NaOH concentration on optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Koutu

Shastri

Malik

2016

Materials Science-Poland

107

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“…There was a 7.03% decrease in the surface free energy at an extract concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and a 17.82% decrease observed with the higher extract concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The calculated surface free energy from the induction time studies was compared with a theoretical surface free energy using the proposed correlation of Mersmann [10]. C .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of nucleation is difficult to measure due to the variations on the size of a nuclei which may vary from ten to several thousand molecules [10]. A more measurable parameter is induction time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blumea Balsamifera(Sambong) Tea as a Therapeutic Drink for Calcium Oxalate Stones

Montealegre

Leon

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Calcium oxalate stones are among the most prevalent type of kidney stones. Methods of treatment range from surgical removal, shockwave lithotripsy, medical and natural treatment. In the Philippines, consuming tea preparation of Blumea balsamifera is believed to aid in the treatment of kidney stones. The effect of Blumea balsamifera tea in the nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals was studied at 0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg tea preparation per mL of the crystallization solution by UV-Vis spectrophotomery. Induction time decreased with increasing concentration of Blumea balsamifera tea. Further analysis showed that this decrease in induction time is due to a decrease in surface free energy from 20.95 mJ/m 2 to 19.48 mJ/m 2 and 17.22 mJ/m 2 at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. This decrease in induction time correspond to an increased nucleation rate thus, a large number of smaller crystals are formed. This explains the therapeutic benefits of consuming Blumea balsamifera tea as stone formers would form smaller stones that are easier to eliminate by urination.

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“…Every crystallization process is influenced by factors such as solubility, supersaturation, seed loading, crystal shape factor, agitation, growth rate kinetics, nucleation rate kinetics, agglomeration kinetics, etc. (Mullin 2001;Patel and Murthy 2009). One of the ways to separate organic products from aqueous solutions is adding non-solvent compounds that reduce the solute solubility without creating a new liquid phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste valorization: Recovery of lactose from partially deproteinated whey by using acetone as anti-solvent

Patel

Murthy

2010

Dairy Sci. Technol.

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The treatment of dairy wastewater which conforms to environmental regulations is a crucial problem due to its high biological oxygen demand (BOD). The main cause of the BOD in dairy wastewater is due to residual whey which consists mainly of lactose. Recovery of lactose from the whey would solve the problems of whey utilization as well as pollution reduction as lactose recovery itself can reduce the BOD of whey by >80%. In the present study, the recovery of lactose from partially deproteinated whey by the use of an anti-solvent (acetone) was investigated. Process parameters, such as acetone concentration (65-85% v/v), time (1-3 h), stirring speed (500-1,000 rpm), seeding (1-3% w/w) and pH, were varied. The results suggest that >90% of lactose was recovered from whey after 1 h of stirring at an acetone concentration of 85% v/v. The crystal size distribution of the lactose recovered from whey was estimated by image analysis and found to be affected by crystallization time as well as seeding.

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Recrystallization

Cited by 323 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of NaOH concentration on optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Effect of NaOH concentration on optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Blumea Balsamifera(Sambong) Tea as a Therapeutic Drink for Calcium Oxalate Stones

Waste valorization: Recovery of lactose from partially deproteinated whey by using acetone as anti-solvent

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