Rectal microbiota are coupled with altered cytokine production capacity following community-acquired pneumonia hospitalization

Kullberg, Robert F. J.; Brands, Xanthe; Klarenbeek, Augustijn M.; Butler, Joe; Otto, Natasja A.; Faber, Daniel; Scicluna, Brendon P.; Poll, Tom van der; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Haak, Bastiaan W.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104740

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…These findings might allude that restoration of the microbiome in the acute phase of disease does not potentially lead to significantly altered outcomes. However, recent clinical data has shown that rectal microbiome composition is correlated to altered cytokine responses 1 month following CAP hospitalization, which may provide insights into potential mechanisms contributing to the high risk of recurrent infections following hospitalization [57]. In line with these findings, restoration of intestinal microbiota composition in patients who are discharged from the ICU could potentially reduce incidence of secondary bacterial infections, rehospitalizations and late mortality [40], which could have an immense impact on the disease burden of sepsis.…”

Section: Timing Of Therapymentioning

confidence: 88%

Leveraging the microbiome in the treatment of sepsis: potential pitfalls and new perspectives

Biemond

McDonald

Haak

2023

Current Opinion in Critical Care

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Purpose of reviewThis review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about microbiota-targeted therapies in sepsis, and calls out – despite recent negative studies – not to halt our efforts of translating these tools into regular medical practice.Recent findingsThe intestinal microbiome has an important role in shaping our immune system, and microbiota-derived metabolites prime innate and adaptive inflammatory responses to infectious pathogens. Microbiota composition is severely disrupted during sepsis, which has been linked to increased risk of mortality and secondary infections. However, efforts of using these microbes as a tool for prognostic or therapeutic purposes have been unsuccessful so far, and recent trials studying the impact of probiotics in critical illness did not improve patient outcomes. Despite these negative results, researchers must continue their attempts of harnessing the microbiome to improve sepsis survival in patients with a high risk of clinical deterioration. Promising research avenues that could potentially benefit sepsis patients include the development of next-generation probiotics, use of the microbiome as a theranostic tool to direct therapy, and addressing the restoration of microbial communities following ICU discharge.SummaryAlthough research focused on microbiome-mediated therapy in critically ill patients has not yielded the results that were anticipated, we should not abandon our efforts to translate promising preclinical findings into clinical practice.

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Section: Timing Of Therapymentioning

confidence: 88%

Leveraging the microbiome in the treatment of sepsis: potential pitfalls and new perspectives

Biemond

McDonald

Haak

2023

Current Opinion in Critical Care

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“…Of note, a recent study reporting a significant enrichment of the genera Peptoniphilus , Anaeorococcus, and Finegoldia during community-acquired pneumonia has highlighted an association between these genera and high serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 [ 60 ]. With respect to Gammaproteobacteria that are typically associated with intestinal inflammation, it has been proposed that increased oxygen availability offers a selective advantage to facultative anaerobic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, thereby driving their expansion in the gut [ 61 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut and the Translocated Microbiomes in HIV Infection: Current Concepts and Future Avenues

Nganou-Makamdop,

Douek

2024

PAI

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It is widely acknowledged that HIV infection results in disruption of the gut’s mucosal integrity partly due a profound loss of gastrointestinal CD4+ T cells that are targets of the virus. In addition, systemic inflammation and immune activation that drive disease pathogenesis are reduced but not normalized by antiretroviral therapy (ART). It has long been postulated that through the process of microbial translocation, the gut microbiome acts as a key driver of systemic inflammation and immune recovery in HIV infection. As such, many studies have aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota in order to unravel its influence in people with HIV and have reported an association between various bacterial taxa and inflammation. This review assesses both contradictory and consistent findings among several studies in order to clarify the overall mechanisms by which the gut microbiota in adults may influence immune recovery in HIV infection. Independently of the gut microbiome, observations made from analysis of microbial products in the blood provide direct insight into how the translocated microbiome may drive immune recovery. To help better understand strengths and limitations of the findings reported, this review also highlights the numerous factors that can influence microbiome studies, be they experimental methodologies, and host-intrinsic or host-extrinsic factors. Altogether, a fuller understanding of the interplay between the gut microbiome and immunity in HIV infection may contribute to preventive and therapeutic approaches.

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Empirical antibiotic therapy for sepsis: save the anaerobic microbiota

Kullberg,

Haak,

Chanderraj

et al. 2024

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

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Rectal microbiota are coupled with altered cytokine production capacity following community-acquired pneumonia hospitalization

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

Leveraging the microbiome in the treatment of sepsis: potential pitfalls and new perspectives

Leveraging the microbiome in the treatment of sepsis: potential pitfalls and new perspectives

The Gut and the Translocated Microbiomes in HIV Infection: Current Concepts and Future Avenues

Empirical antibiotic therapy for sepsis: save the anaerobic microbiota

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