Rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: what the radiologists should know

Virarkar, Mayur; Gopireddy, Dheeraj Reddy; Morani, Ajaykumar C.; Alkhasawneh, Ahmad; Klimkowski, Sergio; Kumar, Sindhu; Lall, Chandana; Bhosale, Priya

doi:10.1007/s00261-022-03474-9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…High-grade tumors are generally large in size, infiltrative growth, and relatively more prone to cystic degeneration and necrosis, arterial phase enhancement, and pelvic lymphadenopathy, suggesting that high-grade ENTs may be present. [ 21 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focal hemolymphangioma of the rectum: A case report and literature review

Li,

Jiang,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Rationale: Gastrointestinal hemolymphangiomas are very rare, especially in the rectum. Only 3 cases of rectal hemolymphangioma, all of which are diffuse lesions, have been reported in the English literature on PubMed. Our case is the first focal lesion of the rectum. It is important for radiologists to correctly identify the imaging features of rectal hemolymphangiomas. Patient concerns: A 51-year-old woman visited our hospital because of intermittent constipation for 3 years. Diagnoses: Colonoscopy revealed a prominent lesion on the left anterior wall of the lower rectum. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography showed that the posterior vaginal wall area had a mixed-echo mass, and blood flow signals of the dots and stripes could be seen. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed that the cystic space-occupying lesion in the region between the left anterior wall of the lower rectum and the posterior wall of the middle and lower vagina had a clear boundary. Interventions: The patient underwent surgery to remove the rectal lesions. The surgical specimen was finally diagnosed as local hemolymphangioma by pathological analysis. Lessons: Localized hemolymphangioma of the rectum is very rare, and imaging examination is essential for the diagnosis and evaluation of the extent of lesion invasion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focal hemolymphangioma of the rectum: A case report and literature review

Li,

Jiang,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Medicine

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“…Multiple anatomic and functional imaging modalities may be utilized in the assessment of NETs. 50 Anatomic imaging is used to characterize the primary tumor and to assess for regional lymph node and distant metastases. Functional imaging is primarily used to assess for metastatic disease and to select patients for SSTR-targeted therapy.…”

Section: Imaging Considerations In Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Therapy for Tumor Control in Metastatic Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: ASCO Guideline

Del Rivero,

Perez,

Kennedy

et al. 2023

JCO

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PURPOSE To develop recommendations for systemic therapy for well-differentiated grade 1 (G1) to grade 3 (G3) metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of relevant studies and develop recommendations for clinical practice. RESULTS Eight randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. RECOMMENDATIONS Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are recommended as first-line systemic therapy for most patients with G1-grade 2 (G2) metastatic well-differentiated GI-NETs. Observation is an option for patients with low-volume or slow-growing disease without symptoms. After progression on SSAs, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is recommended as systematic therapy for patients with somatostatin receptor (SSTR)–positive tumors. Everolimus is an alternative second-line therapy, particularly in nonfunctioning NETs and patients with SSTR-negative tumors. SSAs are standard first-line therapy for SSTR-positive pancreatic (pan)NETs. Rarely, observation may be appropriate for asymptomatic patients until progression. Second-line systemic options for panNETs include PRRT (for SSTR-positive tumors), cytotoxic chemotherapy, everolimus, or sunitinib. For SSTR-negative tumors, first-line therapy options are chemotherapy, everolimus, or sunitinib. There are insufficient data to recommend particular sequencing of therapies. Patients with G1-G2 high-volume disease, relatively high Ki-67 index, and/or symptoms related to tumor growth may benefit from early cytotoxic chemotherapy. For G3 GEP-NETs, systemic options for G1-G2 may be considered, although cytotoxic chemotherapy is likely the most effective option for patients with tumor-related symptoms, and SSAs are relatively ineffective. Qualifying statements are provided to assist with treatment choice. Multidisciplinary team management is recommended, along with shared decision making with patients, incorporating their values and preferences, potential benefits and harms, and other characteristics and circumstances, such as comorbidities, performance status, geographic location, and access to care. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines .

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Correlation of four-phase CT findings of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms with different World Health Organization grades

Wang

et al. 2022

Abdom Radiol

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Rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: what the radiologists should know

Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

Focal hemolymphangioma of the rectum: A case report and literature review

Focal hemolymphangioma of the rectum: A case report and literature review

Systemic Therapy for Tumor Control in Metastatic Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: ASCO Guideline

Correlation of four-phase CT findings of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms with different World Health Organization grades

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