Although in Group A the skin infection was minor in character and there was no diarrhoea, yet the potential danger of cross-infection inherent in hospitalization was always present. It is, of course, well known that the infant born in hospital is exposed to risks of this nature even when reasonable precautions are taken. It is not so well appreciated that the advantage which the baby born at home has in being less exposed to the hazard of cross-infection may be nullified by the danger he runs from respiratory infection acquired from unmasked relatives and visitors, and this fact should be impressed on all those responsible for the care of the newborn baby in his own home.We should like to express our thanks to the staff of the Sorrento Maternity Hospital and the domiciliary midwifery staff for their assistance in this investigation.