“…It defines the mathematical relationship between pixels in images captured from different locations. In MIS, planar models have been used on a variety of organs [59,61,62,63,64] (see Table II), cylindrical models for the esophagus and colon [53,54,55,56] and full projective models for the abdomen, colon [57], heart [58] and bladder [60]. The main problem with Structure from Motion is error propagation caused by the frame-to-frame camera motion estimation.…”