Recurrence of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Mandible: A Case Report

Abstract

Аneurysmal bone cysts are benign osteolytic lesions with rapid growth, thin walls containing numerous blood-filled cavities. They occur mainly in the pediatric population but are rarely diagnosed in the facial skeleton. Although benign, the condition can be locally aggressive and cause significant weakening of the affected bone structure. This case report presents a 14-year-old boy with Burkitt's tumor (Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), previously diagnosed with an aneurysmal bone cyst a year ago. He was admitted for treatment at the Clinic of Maxillo-Facial Surgery of the University Hospital "St. George" Plovdiv due to pain and swelling in the left molar area of the mandibula, dating from 2 days. A recurrence of an aneurysmal bone cyst measuring 55/25 mm, which does not require resection of the mandible, was found. After a decision for surgical removal of the formation, under general anesthesia, and preparation of a three-cornered mucoperiosteal flap, the mandibular bone, which is lysed and thinned by the formation, was trepanned. The roots of the affected teeth were resected, and the formation was extirpated. A gauze drain was placed in the formed cavity, and the wound was sutured. Drug therapy included Cefotaxime 2x1.0 - 10 days, starting 3 days before surgery, and Paracetamol 2x1 – 3 days, 2 days before and 1 day after surgery. Prophylactic examinations were scheduled on day 3, 7, 10, 15 after the operation, as well as 3, 6, and 12 months post-op, due to the recurrent nature of the formation.