Recurrence of major depressive disorder is predicted by inhibited startle magnitude while recovered

O'Brien-Simpson, Laurie; Parsia, P Di; Simmons, Julian G; Allen, Nicholas B.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.022

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In support of this idea is research showing that affectively-modulated startle could not distinguish between remitted depressives and never depressed controls if assessed in the absence of a mood manipulation, but that differences were apparent if depressed moods were induced (Allen & Di Parsia, 2002). Moreover, the magnitude of such startle is predictive of future depressive symptomatology (O’Brien-Simpson et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal EEG asymmetry during emotional challenge differentiates individuals with and without lifetime major depressive disorder

Stewart

Coan

Towers

et al. 2011

Journal of Affective Disorders

140

104

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Background-Although it has been argued that frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) asymmetry at rest may be a risk marker for major depressive disorder (MDD), it is unclear whether a pattern of relatively less left than right activity characterizes depressed individuals during emotional challenges. Examination of frontal asymmetry during emotion task manipulations could provide an assessment of the function of systems relevant for MDD, and test the limits of frontal EEG asymmetry as a marker of risk for depression.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal EEG asymmetry during emotional challenge differentiates individuals with and without lifetime major depressive disorder

Stewart

Coan

Towers

et al. 2011

Journal of Affective Disorders

140

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Should anticipation be relatively intact, interventions targeting the in-the-moment experience and maintenance of emotion may be key to avoiding the development of deficits in anticipatory emotion. In other words, interventions aimed at the experience of emotion in-the-moment along with the savoring of emotion may be crucial to the treatment of depression given that dampened emotion response consistent with ECI has been linked to poorer outcome and future depression episodes (e.g., O'Brien-Simpson, Di Parsia, Simmons, & Allen, 2009; Rottenberg, et al, 2002). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional responding in depression: Distinctions in the time course of emotion

Moran

Mehta

Kring

2012

Cognition & Emotion

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The current studies were designed to investigate if the Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI; Rottenberg & Gottlib, 2004) hypothesis is applicable across the time course of emotion. Recent affective science research has pointed to the importance of considering anticipation and maintenance of emotion. In the current studies, we assessed emotion responses among college students with depression symptoms in anticipation of, during, and after an emotional picture using the emotion modulated startle paradigm. People with and without depression symptoms did not differ in blink magnitude in anticipation of emotional pictures suggesting that some anticipatory processes may not be impaired in with depression symptoms. In contrast, individuals with depression symptoms did not exhibit blink magnitudes that varied by valence, either during viewing or after the pictures were removed from view. These findings suggest that ECI is relevant not only for those diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder, but also for people with depression symptoms that may not cross the diagnostic threshold. These data point also point to the importance of considering the time course of emotion to better understand emotional deficits in individuals with differing levels of depression symptoms. Identifying where emotion goes awry across the time course of emotion can help inform treatment development.

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“…This model views depression as a state of disengagement from the environment that prevents any action. This model receives support from startle studies in more severely depressed and anhedonic individuals reporting blunted startle reactivity to both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli and an underreactive baseline startle (Allen et al, 1999; Kaviani et al, 2004; O'Brien‐Simpson, Di Parsia, Simmons, & Allen, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The study of Forbes et al (2005) refers to symptomatic BD‐I and BD‐II patients and, as such, could not safely guide predictions with regards to baseline startle and its affective modulation in our study where hypotheses are tempered by remission status. Given that most of our patients were likely to have a history of moderate to severe depressive episodes and given the findings of O'Brien‐Simpson et al (2009) in remitted MDD patients, we hypothesized that our patient group would present with attenuated startle reactivity. There are no reports on affective startle reactivity in remitted BD‐I patients to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low baseline startle and deficient affective startle modulation in remitted bipolar disorder patients and their unaffected siblings

et al. 2010

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We examined whether startle abnormalities are present in bipolar disorder (BD) patients and their unaffected siblings. Twenty-one remitted patients with BD, 19 unaffected siblings, and 42 controls were presented with 18 pleasant, 18 unpleasant, and 18 neutral pictures. Acoustic probes (104 dB) were presented during 12 of 18 pictures in each affective category at 300, 3000, and 4500 ms after picture onset, so that there were 4 pictures per valence per probe onset type. Baseline startle was assessed during blank screens and was found reduced in patients and sibling groups. We found startle inhibition with the 300 probes and a linear increase in amplitude with valence with the late probes in controls; these effects were absent in patients and their siblings. Low startle and blunted startle reactivity may represent trait deficits in remitted BD patients and their relatives, possibly associated with attentional deficits and adaptive down-regulation of emotion.

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Recurrence of major depressive disorder is predicted by inhibited startle magnitude while recovered

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Frontal EEG asymmetry during emotional challenge differentiates individuals with and without lifetime major depressive disorder

Frontal EEG asymmetry during emotional challenge differentiates individuals with and without lifetime major depressive disorder

Emotional responding in depression: Distinctions in the time course of emotion

Low baseline startle and deficient affective startle modulation in remitted bipolar disorder patients and their unaffected siblings

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