Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Abstract

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal disorders. Nevertheless, while the clinical characteristics of RAS are well-defined, the precise etiology and pathogenesis of RAS remain unclear. The present article provides a detailed review of the current knowledge of the etiology, pathogenesis, and managment of RAS.

IL-1B and IL-6 gene polymorphisms encode significant risk for the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)

“…1 Three clinical forms are described; 1,2 minor (MiRAS), major (MaRAS) and herpetiform ulceration (HU). MiRAS accounts for 80% of RAS patients.…”

“…Current evidence supports some form of immune dysfunction. 1 The earliest change is focal epithelial cell degeneration and intraepithelial vesicle formation. 3 A dense lympho-monocytic infiltrate develops adjacent to the damaged cells.…”

“…7 Other extrinsic factors may also influence disease expression, eg, smoking inhibits ulcer formation in susceptible individuals. 1 Genetic factors also play an important role in the development of RAS. Twenty-four to 46% of patients report a positive family history 10 and parental RAS status strongly influences the probability of an individual suffering RAS.…”

“…11 Furthermore, there is significantly higher disease concordance in monozygotic than dizygotic twins. 12 Nevertheless, individual variability in disease susceptibility suggests a polygenic mode of inheritance 1,11 with extrinsic factors such as trauma and smoking modulating disease expression.…”

O papel da imunofluorescência direta na fisiopatologia e no diagnóstico diferencial da estomatite aftóide recorrente

“…The minor type is characterized by a small ulcer, measuring from three to ten millimeters in diameter, located in the non-keratinized mucosa, alone or even in large quantities in the mouth 2,3 (Figure 1). The major type is characterized by an extensive and painful ulcer, measuring more than 10 millimeters in diameter, also present in keratinized mucosa, usually alone, and can take more than 15 days to heal completely, and it may leave scars in the mucosa (Figure 2).…”