“…While previous research efforts have made great progress over the past decades [1], [2], [3], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], there is still much space to address the underlying essential challenges and improve the signature verification performance. The early research efforts extract hand-crafted features and compare the distance between two signatures for verification, such as signature heights, widths, areas [1], [18], local patches LBP [19], [20], [21], [22], and SIFT feature [11].…”