A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of pain and swelling of the right leg.The patient was otherwise in good health except for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of five years' duration, which was regulated by diet alone. Five years before admission, an endometrioid carcinoma, stage IC, of the right fallopian tube was treated by abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, followed by the administration of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. Four months before admission, gynecologic and vaginal cytologic examinations and the CA-125 level were normal.One week before admission, the patient awoke with pain in the right calf and tingling in the right foot. On the following day, a Doppler study of the leg at another hospital was normal. The pain worsened and spread to the right thigh and buttock, limiting extension of the knee.Two days before admission, a Doppler study at this hospital was normal. The prothrombin and partial-thromboplastin times were normal, as were the levels of phosphorus, uric acid, bilirubin, magnesium, electrolytes, and amylase. The results of other laboratory tests are shown in Tables 1 and 2. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis, obtained after the oral and intravenous administration of contrast material, revealed dependent edema in the subcutaneous fat overlying the paraspinal muscles, without evidence of a pelvic mass, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, or ascites. Two days later, the patient was admitted to the hospital.The temperature was 37°C, the pulse was 67, and the respirations were 16. The blood pressure was 215/95 mm Hg.On examination the patient was in pain. The right thigh had a maximal circumference of 53 cm, the left thigh 47 cm, and both calves 40 cm. There was tenderness over the distal portion of the posterior right thigh but not in the anterior thigh or calf. The range of motion was full at the right hip and ankle and was 20° to 110° at the right knee. Motor power and sensation were intact in the right leg. The patient was unable to perform straight-leg raising; Homans's sign was absent.