Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis After Neurologic Surgery

Alonso-Vanegas, Mario; Quintero-López, Eduardo; Martínez-Albarrán, Adrián Axallacan; Moreira-Holguín, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.057

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In a reverse effect, surgery for treatment of epilepsy can cause the relapse of HSE, as described in several case reports: Bourgeois et al ( 1999 ), Kim et al ( 2013 ), Uda et al ( 2013 ), Lo Presti et al ( 2015 ), de Almeida et al ( 2015 ) and Alonso-Vanegas et al ( 2016 ). HSE relapse presumably occurs because of reactivation of existing HSV1 DNA in the brain caused by axonal cutting—a known reactivator of the virus.…”

Section: Links Among Epilepsy and Ad Apoe Hhv6 Hsv1 And Herpes Simmentioning

confidence: 96%

Corroboration of a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Alzheimer’s Disease

Itzhaki

2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

199

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Strong evidence has emerged recently for the concept that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) is a major risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This concept proposes that latent HSV1 in brain of carriers of the type 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE-ε4) is reactivated intermittently by events such as immunosuppression, peripheral infection, and inflammation, the consequent damage accumulating, and culminating eventually in the development of AD. Population data to investigate this epidemiologically, e.g., to find if subjects treated with antivirals might be protected from developing dementia—are available in Taiwan, from the National Health Insurance Research Database, in which 99.9% of the population has been enrolled. This is being extensively mined for information on microbial infections and disease. Three publications have now appeared describing data on the development of senile dementia (SD), and the treatment of those with marked overt signs of disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), or by HSV. The striking results show that the risk of SD is much greater in those who are HSV-seropositive than in seronegative subjects, and that antiviral treatment causes a dramatic decrease in number of subjects who later develop SD. It should be stressed that these results apply only to those with severe cases of HSV1 or VZV infection, but when considered with the over 150 publications that strongly support an HSV1 role in AD, they greatly justify usage of antiherpes antivirals to treat AD. Three other studies are described which directly relate to HSV1 and AD: they deal respectively with lysosomal changes in HSV1-infected cell cultures, with evidence for a role of human herpes virus type 6 and 7 (HHV6 and HHV7) in AD, and viral effects on host gene expression, and with the antiviral characteristics of beta amyloid (Aβ). Three indirectly relevant studies deal respectively with schizophrenia, relating to antiviral treatment to target HSV1, with the likelihood that HSV1 is a cause of fibromyalgia (FM), and with FM being associated with later development of SD. Studies on the link between epilepsy, AD and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) are described also, as are the possible roles of APOE-ε4, HHV6 and HSV1 in epilepsy.

show abstract

Section: Links Among Epilepsy and Ad Apoe Hhv6 Hsv1 And Herpes Simmentioning

confidence: 96%

Corroboration of a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Alzheimer’s Disease

Itzhaki

2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

199

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other treatment modalities were also used and are discussed in the treatment section. For the recurrence of HSE Table 1 [[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]] demonstrate some reports of HSE recurrence among pediatric population with proven presence of HSV using PCR in both episodes of encephalitis to role out other causes, e.g., post-herpetic autoimmune encephalitis provided the fact that most reports in the literature labeled as recurrence of herpetic encephalitis positive PCR in both or at least one of the episodes. Giving these facts, many researches were conducted to provide explanations on the pathogenesis behind the recurrence of HSV encephalitis in immunocompetent hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach to recurrent Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in children

Alsweed

Alsuhibani

Casanova

et al. 2018

International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) is one of the commonest viral encephalitis and its recurrence is being increasingly reported were HSE relapse rate came up to 5%. Both herpes simplex virus (HSV) types can lead to encephalitis and it was established that HSV-1 is capable of nervous system invasion, latency, and recurrence. The recurrence of HSE used to be attributed to immunological compromise, but reports show many cases have no obvious immune system impairment. Further investigations revealed genetic predispositions to HSV infection that would explain the host vulnerability to its recurrence. In this review, we discuss the gene mutations that may predispose to recurrent HSE and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

show abstract

“…In our review of 40 cases of postoperative neurosurgical patients with HSV diagnosis following craniotomy, 12 (30%) patients died and 1 had unreported outcome due to hospital transfer. [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]26,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Fever, headache, and altered mental status were common presenting symptoms and started anywhere from POD 1 to POD 90, with a majority occurring in a delayed fashion between PODs 7 and 12. 1-4, 6-24, 26, 30-36 Surgical site varied and does not alone explain potential reactivation of HSV, although it is unknown how many of these patients received perioperative steroids.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex reactivation following neurosurgery: case report and review of the literature

McLaughlin

Achey

Geertman

et al. 2019

Neurosurgical Focus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herpes simplex encephalitis is a common viral encephalitis associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated early. Neurosurgery may be an impetus for viral reactivation, either from direct nerve manipulation or high-dose steroids often administered during cases. The authors present the 40th known case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis following neurosurgical intervention and review the previously reported cases. In their review, the authors observed positive HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which had initially been negative in several cases. In cases in which there is high suspicion of HSV, it may be prudent to continue antiviral therapy and retest CSF for HSV PCR. Antiviral therapy significantly reduces mortality associated with HSV encephalitis.

show abstract

Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis After Neurologic Surgery

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Corroboration of a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Alzheimer’s Disease

Corroboration of a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Alzheimer’s Disease

Approach to recurrent Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in children

Herpes simplex reactivation following neurosurgery: case report and review of the literature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About