2015
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118848
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Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children: Underlying Clinical Conditions, and Immunological and Microbiological Characteristics

Abstract: PurposeClinical, immunological and microbiological characteristics of recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children were evaluated, differentiating relapse from reinfection, in order to identify specific risk factors for both conditions.MethodsAll patients <18 years-old with recurrent IPD admitted to a tertiary-care pediatric center from January 2004 to December 2011 were evaluated. An episode of IPD was defined as the presence of clinical findings of infection together with isolation and/or pneumo… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…On the other hand, the lung tissues of ST615-infected animals presented a higher density of inflammatory cells, with necrotic neutrophils. These observations corroborate with the histological features previously described in human patients 21,44 .…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…On the other hand, the lung tissues of ST615-infected animals presented a higher density of inflammatory cells, with necrotic neutrophils. These observations corroborate with the histological features previously described in human patients 21,44 .…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The peculiarity of the ST306 clone lies in its expression of a non-cytolytic Ply variant—which has essentially conserved its capacity to bind to cholesterol present in cell membranes, but lost its pore-forming functionality 8 . Clinically, ST306 is typically associated with non-lethal pneumonia with or without empyema and is documented to be preferentially linked with recurrent paediatric infections 21 . Previous studies have proposed that expression of a non-haemolytic variant of Ply conferred an evolutionary advantage to the pneumococcus from the perspective of immune evasion strategies 22 , 23 e.g., lack of NLPR3 inflammasome activation with significantly reduced production of IL-1β 24 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, another study showed that 5 of 7 patients with recurrent IPD had an underlying predisposing factor, that is, cerebrospinal fluid leak, chemotherapy treatment or MyD88-deficiency. 17…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, another study showed that 5 of 7 patients with recurrent IPD had an underlying predisposing factor, that is, cerebrospinal fluid leak, chemotherapy treatment or MyD88-deficiency. 17 Immunodeficiencies that predispose to IPD are asplenia, complement deficiencies, antibody deficiencies and defects in the pathway of canonical NF-κB signaling. The tests performed here are aimed to detect these.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although sepsis survivors tend to suffer from subsequent infections and readmission within the following year (particularly during the first 90 days after discharge), it is unclear whether the repetitive infections are from relapsed/persistent infections or from new ones [7,8]. Moreover, risk factors for same-pathogen sepsis readmissions following hospitalization for sepsis have not been reported.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%