Recurrent Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus Colonizing Skin Lesions in Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Abstract

Susceptibility testing and resistance phenotype detection inStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis, with apparent and recurrent skin colonization

“…When it comes to concerns about resistance, antibiotics should be used only when clinical signs of infection are present, rather than to decolonize when the skin has not been affected 19 . Continual use of antibiotics in an attempt to clear S. aureus colonization in AD may eventually result in failure of these antibiotics in the setting of invasive infections, which are not uncommon in AD 10,11 …”

“…8 Moreover, the ability of S. aureus to be internalized by a variety of nonphagocytic host cells, including human keratinocytes, 9 may contribute to the development of persistent or chronic infections and may finally lead to deeper tissue infections or dissemination. 10,11 Gilani et al 12 reported that treatment with topical or oral antibiotics can temporarily reduce colonization and improve AD severity, but benefits are lost after 3 months. In recent years, antibiotic resistance has been recognized as a serious and growing problem in dermatological practice.…”

“…Bacterial cells that are tightly attached to the uppermost corneocytes can penetrate the epidermal horny layers via intercellular spaces, often forming a biofilm 8 . Moreover, the ability of S. aureus to be internalized by a variety of nonphagocytic host cells, including human keratinocytes, 9 may contribute to the development of persistent or chronic infections and may finally lead to deeper tissue infections or dissemination 10,11 …”

Case of prosthetic valve endocarditis with osteomyelitis associated with disregarded skin infection

“…While dental procedure is recognized as the most common cause of PVE, other ordinary conditions, eg., acne vulgaris, which can cause systemic infection, are often overlooked [4]. Regarding this, Clayton et al, reported that skin infection is a risk factor for infective endocarditis [5].…”

Allergy to transdermal fentanyl resulting in Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and fatal endocarditis with myocardial rupture

“…First, the origin of S. aureus remains speculative. S. aureus is frequently located on the skin [2]; thus, the portal of entry for bacteremia is the dermis or less likely the teeth, lungs, or kidneys. No other portal of entry was visible or plausible on inspection or instrumental investigations.…”