Recurrent Stroke Associated With Thymoma and Anticardiolipin Antibodies

Antiphospholipid thrombosis syndromes

“…Anticardiolipin antibodies are associated with livido reticularis, an unusual manifestation of cutaneous vascular stasis characterized by a distinctive pattern of cyanosis [59,99,100]. This cutaneous finding has been associated with recurrent arterial and venous thromboses, valvular abnormalities, and cerebrovascular thromboses with concomitant essential hypertension (''Sneddon's syndrome'') [59].…”

“…This cutaneous finding has been associated with recurrent arterial and venous thromboses, valvular abnormalities, and cerebrovascular thromboses with concomitant essential hypertension (''Sneddon's syndrome'') [59]. Other cutaneous manifestations include a syndrome of recurrent deep venous thrombosis, necrotizing purpura, and stasis ulcers of the ankles [59,99,100]. Skin lesions of Degos' disease (a rare multisystem vasculopathy), characterized pathologically by cutaneous collagen necrosis and atrophy of the epidermis with an absence of inflammatory cells, have been linked to the other consequences of the disease, such as cerebral and bowel infarction and ACLAs or an LA [101].…”

“…Other common cutaneous manifestations include livido vasculitis or reticularis, unfading acral microlivido, peripheral gangrene, necrotizing purpura, hemorrhage (ecchymosis and hematoma formation) [103], and crusted ulcers about the nail beds [104]. See the article by Levine et al [100] for an excellent review of this topic.…”

Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Unusual Cause of Adrenal Insufficiency

“…The presence of these antibodies has been associated with thrombosis, fetal loss, thrombocytopenia, and a variety of neurological symptoms, including cerebral ischemia. Like lupus anticoagulants, anticardiolipin antibodies were initially described in systemic lupus erythematosus, but now both have also been demonstrated in patients with other autoimmune disorders, in association with drugs and infection [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. However, many patients with antiphospholipid antibodies have no other underlying disease [1, 2, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16].…”

“…The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome has been described in a large variety of conditions such as connective tissue disorders, malignancies, or some prolonged treatments (e.g. chlorpromazine), but it has also been recognized in the absence of all these conditions, leading to the concept of primary antiphospholipid syndrome [1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. …”