Recurrent Water Level Fluctuation Alleviates the Effects of Submergence Stress on the Invasive Riparian Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides

Zhang, Haijie; Wang, Renqing; Wang, Xiao; Du, Ning; Ge, Xiuli; Du, Yongling; Liu, Jian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129549

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Alternanthera philoxeroides is a perennial weed from the family Amaranthaceae. It is native to South America but widespread in a variety of habitats around the world ( Julien et al, 1995 ; Geng et al, 2007 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ). In most of the introduced regions, it reproduces asexually, primarily from stem nodes and shoot fragments ( Julien et al, 1995 ; Geng et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb is an invasive clonal plant, which has heavily invaded many areas of the world ( Julien et al, 1995 ; Ye et al, 2003 ; Wang et al, 2008 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ). Clonal growth has been considered an important trait for invasive clonal plants ( Liu et al, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2009 ; Xu et al, 2010 ; Roiloa et al, 2013 ; Song et al, 2013 ; You et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Clonal Integration in both Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Habitats

et al. 2016

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Many studies have shown that clonal integration can promote the performance of clonal plants in heterogeneous habitats, but the roles of clonal integration in both heterogeneous and homogeneous habitats were rarely studied simultaneously. Ramet pairs of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb were placed in two habitats either heterogeneous or homogeneous in soil nutrient availability, with stolon connections left intact or severed. Total biomass, total length of stolons, and number of new ramets of distal (relatively young) ramets located in low-nutrient environments were significantly greater when the distal ramets were connected to than when they were disconnected from proximal (relatively old) ramets located in high-nutrient environments. Total length of stolons of proximal ramets growing in low-nutrient environments was significantly higher when the proximal ramets were connected to than when they were disconnected from the distal ramets growing in high-nutrient environments, but stolon connection did not affect total biomass or number of new ramets of the proximal ramets. Stolon severing also did not affect the growth of the whole ramet pairs in heterogeneous environments. In homogeneous high-nutrient environments stolon severing promoted the growth of the proximal ramets and the ramet pairs, but in homogeneous low-nutrient environments it did not affect the growth of the proximal or distal ramets. Hence, for A. philoxeroides, clonal fragmentation appears to be more advantageous than clonal integration in resource-rich homogeneous habitats, and clonal integration becomes beneficial in heterogeneous habitats. Our study contributes to revealing roles of clonal integration in both heterogeneous and homogeneous habitats and expansion patterns of invasive clonal plants such as A. philoxeroides in multifarious habitats.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Clonal Integration in both Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Habitats

et al. 2016

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“…Griseb., a terrestrial perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Amaranthaceae family, originates from South America and has spread to many parts of the world. It is considered an invasive species in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and China, and able to survive nicely in flood-disturbed habitats (Zhang et al, 2015a ; Dong et al, 2018 ). A. philoxeroides exhibits an escape strategy in shallow submergence (Luo et al, 2009 , 2011 ; Ayi et al, 2016 ), with quickly elongated shoots, increased adventitious roots formation, and widened aerenchyma channels conducive to enhance gas transport (Ayi et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Growth Responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides as Affected by Submergence Depths

et al. 2022

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Global climate change has resulted in an increase in intensity and frequency of flooding, plants living in lowlands, and shore areas have to confront submergence caused by flooding, submergence-tolerant plants usually respond by adopting either escape or quiescence strategies. While certain plants exhibit a changeover from escape strategy upon partial submergence to quiescence strategy under complete shallow submergence, it remains unknown whether plants completely submerged at different water depths would adjust their strategies to cope with the change in submergence depth. Alternanthera philoxeroides is an ideal species to explore this adjustment as it is widely distributed in flood-disturbed habitats and exhibits an escape strategy when completely submerged in shallow waters. We investigated the responses of A. philoxeroides in terms of morphology, anatomy, and non-structural carbohydrate metabolism by conducting experiments using a series of submergence depths (0, 2, 5, and 9 m). During the submergence treatment, environmental factors such as light, dissolved oxygen, and temperature for submerged plants were kept constant. The results showed that A. philoxeroides plants submerged at depth of 2 m presented an escape strategy via fast stem elongation, extensive pith cavity development, and small biomass loss. However, the retarded stem elongation, reduced pith cavity transverse area, and increased biomass loss along the water depth gradient indicated that A. philoxeroides altered its growth response as water depth increased from 2 to 9 m. It is found that the changeover of response strategies occurred at higher submergence depths (5–9 m). Based on the results of our experiments, we demonstrated that water depth played an important role in driving the change in strategy. The water-depth-dependent growth performance of A. philoxeroides would benefit the species in habit exploration and exploitation. Further studies should focus on the performances of plants when submerged at varied water depths with different light climates and dissolved oxygen content, and how water depths drive the response behaviors of the submerged plants.

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“…Although our results indicated that water quality was more affected by factors at larger scales, the local effects of the interface (water level fluctuation zone) on water quality in reservoirs should not be ignored [48]. The water level fluctuation zone is located at the aquatic-terrestrial interface, an interface that affects nutrient content and its spatial-temporal distribution by regulating the biological and non-biological processes between the freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems [49]. Land use and land cover generally have a mechanical influence on the aquatic-terrestrial interface's habitat structure and chemical make-up, and these changes are associated with management activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Linking Land Use Metrics Measured in Aquatic–Terrestrial Interfaces to Water Quality of Reservoir-Based Water Sources in Eastern China

Ding

Tang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The effects of anthropogenic land use on the water quality of reservoir-based water sources are understudied. We trained a self-organizing map (SOM) to measure the spatial pattern of nutrients over the course of a year in 61 reservoirs located in eastern China. In the linear regression model and one-way analyses of variance, we found that water quality was influenced by period of the year (flood, low, and normal periods based on rainfall conditions) and reservoir altitude (plains vs. mountains). Our results indicated that land use metrics measured in aquatic–terrestrial interfaces significantly influenced the water quality of reservoirs. The land use intensity (LUI) and the proportion of construction land had a positive correlation with ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) concentrations, and redundancy analysis indicated that the percent of landscape (PLAND) represented by construction land was positively correlated with CODMn, NH3-N, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. The proportion of cropland was not correlated with any water quality property except for CODMn concentration. The total explained variance for water quality was highest when the scale was large (the area defined by a 1500 m radius around the reservoir), indicating that management which ensures water safety should be carried out at this scale.

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Recurrent Water Level Fluctuation Alleviates the Effects of Submergence Stress on the Invasive Riparian Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Roles of Clonal Integration in both Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Habitats

Roles of Clonal Integration in both Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Habitats

Differential Growth Responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides as Affected by Submergence Depths

Linking Land Use Metrics Measured in Aquatic–Terrestrial Interfaces to Water Quality of Reservoir-Based Water Sources in Eastern China

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