Recursive Operability Analysis of a pilot plant gasifier

Olivine as a tar removal catalyst during fluidized bed gasification of plastic waste

“…The gasification section comprises a cylindrical BFB reactor, with an internal diameter of 0.381 m and a maximum feeding capacity of 60 kg/h, equipped with several control and protection devices. 25 It is heated up to the reaction temperature thanks to the sensible heat of preheated blast gases and a set of three pairs of external electric furnaces. The gas generated in the reactor is sent to the syngas treatment section consisting of a high-efficiency cyclone, a wet scrubber (for removal of tars, residual fly ashes and acid gases) and a flare.…”

“…A more detailed description of the plant can be found elsewhere. 25 The air-gasification experiments were carried out with pellets (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, with a particle density of 940 kg/m 3 and a bulk density of 570 kg/m 3 ) of recycled polyethylene (PE) from the separate collection of municipal solid wastes. Two types of bed materials were used during the experimental runs: a quartz sand, with a size range of 0.2-0.4 mm and a particle density of 2600 kg/m 3 , and an olivine (a magnesium-iron silicate mineral), (Mg,Fe 2 )SiO 4 , with the same size range and a particle density of 2900 kg/m 3 .…”

Gasification of Natural and Waste Biomass in a Pilot Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor

“…The gas generated in the reactor is sent to the syngas treatment section composed of a high-efficiency cyclone, a simple wet scrubber (for removal of tars, residual fly ashes, and acid gases) and a flare. A more accurate description of the plant is provided by Arena et al (2008a).…”

Recursive Operability Analysis as a decision support tool for Risk-Based Maintenance

“…ROA is a quantitative risk analysis technique which has been derived from Hazard and Operability Analysis (HazOp). It was first proposed by Piccinini and Ciarambino (1997), then described in detail by Piccinini and Demichela (2008), and successfully applied (Arena, Romeo, & Mastellone, 2008;Demichela, Marmo, & Piccinini, 2002). ROA was specifically conceived to perform the analysis of a continuous process, since it describes the propagation of the process variable deviation that leads to all the possible TEs.…”

“…The ROA was used in this phase. This technique has successfully been used (Arena et al, 2008;Demichela et al, 2002) in the process industry to study the deviation of the process variables from their design value. Such deviations usually occur because of equipment failure and then could spread through the plant if safety devices are unavailable.…”