Recyclable Catalyst of ZnO/SiO2 Prepared from Salacca Leaves Ash for Sustainable Biodiesel Conversion

Surfactant-enhanced ZnOx/CaO catalytic activity for ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

“…1, and match the hexagonal ZnO reported in the literature. 29 The addition of surfactants such as PVP and citric acid in the preparation of catalysts can influence crystal growth to further optimize the structure and improve the catalytic performance. 30 The intensity of the peak corresponding to the (2 2 0) face of CaO was weakened after PVP addition, while the intensity of the peak attributed to the (1 0 1) face of ZnO was enhanced (Fig.…”

“…In addition, ZnO has a prominent role in determining the morphology of ZnO 10 /CaO, and the material appeared mainly as a “mound” of spherical particles, which is similar to observations in the literature. 29 Poor dispersion would lead to a reduction in the number of catalytically active sites and affect the catalytic effect. Therefore, regulation of the Ca : Zn mass ratio had an important role in control of the material morphology and catalytic activity.…”

“…1, and match the hexagonal ZnO reported in the literature. 29 The addition of surfactants such as PVP and citric acid in the preparation of catalysts can influence crystal growth to further optimize the…”

Thermodynamics of Azo Dye Adsorption on a Newly Synthesized Titania-Doped Silica Aerogel by Cogelation: A Comparative Investigation with Silica Aerogels and Activated Charcoal

“…Despite having a small spatial capacity, CV has difficulty forming a hydrogen bond with the adsorbent. The majority of the dye molecules’ negative ions are concentrated around their carbon and sulfur atoms, and both dyes have almost similar negative charges . As a result, the electrostatic effect makes it simpler for MB and CV with such a higher density of positive ions to bind to the aerogel with negative ions.…”

“…The majority of the dye molecules’ negative ions are concentrated around their carbon and sulfur atoms, and both dyes have almost similar negative charges. 56 As a result, the electrostatic effect makes it simpler for MB and CV with such a higher density of positive ions to bind to the aerogel with negative ions. Since there are no electronic donors or receptors on the molecules in the MB and CV solutions, vdW is primarily responsible for the adsorption impact.…”