Recyclable Thin‐Film Soft Electronics for Smart Packaging and E‐Skins

Carneiro, Manuel Reis; Almeida, Anı́bal T. de; Tavakoli, Mahmoud; Majidi, Carmel

doi:10.1002/advs.202301673

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…(d) Digitally printed spiral on a clear flexible PVC substrate. (e) Comparison between this work and other works on digitally printable elastic conductors. − ,− Scale bar: 10 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of Stretchable Liquid Metal–Silver Composites through Direct Ink Writing

Zu,

Carranza,

Bartlett

2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Structure−property−process relationships are a controlling factor in the performance of materials. This offers opportunities in emerging areas, such as stretchable conductors, to control process conditions during printing to enhance performance. Herein, by systematically tuning direct ink write (DIW) process parameters, the electrical conductivity of multiphase liquid metal (LM)-silver stretchable conductors is increased by a maximum of 400% to over 1.06 × 10 6 S•m −1 . This is achieved by modulating the DIW print velocity, which enables the in situ elongation, coalescence, and percolation of these multiphase inclusions during printing. These DIW printed filaments are conductive as fabricated and are soft (modulus as low as 1.1 MPa), stretchable (strain limit >800%), and show strain invariant conductivity up to 80% strain. These capabilities are demonstrated through a set of electromagnetic induction coils that can transfer power wirelessly through air and water, even under deformation. This work provides a methodology to program properties in stretchable conductors, where the combination of material composition and process parameters leads to greatly enhanced performance. This approach can find use in applications such as soft robots, soft electronics, and printed materials for deformable, yet highly functional devices.

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“…(d) Digitally printed spiral on a clear flexible PVC substrate. (e) Comparison between this work and other works on digitally printable elastic conductors. − ,− Scale bar: 10 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of Stretchable Liquid Metal–Silver Composites through Direct Ink Writing

Zu,

Carranza,

Bartlett

2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…8,9 The principle underlying the sensing mechanism typically involves the change in electrical resistance in conductive elastomers caused by mechanical deformation. The conductive elastomers used in these sensors include conductive sponges, 10 hydrogels, 11,12 thin films, 13,14 and fibers. 15 Thin sensor films are often prepared by combining flexible elastomers with conductive materials through various composite techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable Wearable Sensor Based on Tough, Self-Healing, Adhesive Polyurethane Elastomer for Human Motion Monitoring

Bai,

Jing,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Although some progress has been achieved in flexible strain sensors, it is still a big challenge to develop sensors with excellent self-healing capability, adhesive, and recyclable properties for enhanced lifespan, facile operation, and decreased waste pollution in the flexible electronic field. In this study, we successfully synthesized the pyrene-terminated multifunctional polyurethane elastomer called PMFPU based on dynamic covalent bond and noncovalent hydrogen bonds, which integrates exceptional tough mechanical properties (the tensile toughness of 168.4 MJ/m 3 ), excellent self-healing performance (healing efficiency of 96%), superior adhesive property (shear strength as high as 1.46 MPa), and well-performed reprocessability (more than five cycles). Furthermore, we applied PMFPU in the fabrication of stretchable strain sensors based on the π−π stacking interactions between pyrene in PMFPU and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Based on this unique design, the obtained flexible sensors can dissolve in THF and DMF solvents, enabling the reprocessing ability and avoiding electronic waste pollution. The stretchable strain sensors could detect human movements and facial expressions. Moreover, the sensors can restore stable sensing capabilities even after a repaired process or recyclable process, which is of significant importance for the development of environmentally friendly and highperformance sensors. The fabrication of these functional sensors holds broad application prospects in fields such as medical monitoring, human−machine interaction, and electronic skin.

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Gallium‐Based Liquid–Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics

Reis Carneiro,

Majidi,

Tavakoli

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Soft and stretchable electronics have diverse applications in the fields of compliant bioelectronics, textile‐integrated wearables, novel forms of mechanical sensors, electronics skins, and soft robotics. In recent years, multiple material architectures have been proposed for highly deformable circuits that can undergo large tensile strains without losing electronic functionality. Among them, gallium‐based liquid metals benefit from fluidic deformability, high electrical conductivity, and self‐healing property. However, their deposition and patterning is challenging. Biphasic material architectures are recently proposed as a method to address this problem, by combining advantages of solid‐phase materials and composites, with liquid deformability and self‐healing of liquid phase conductors, thus moving toward scalable fabrication of reliable stretchable circuits. This article reviews recent biphasic conductor architectures that combine gallium‐based liquid‐phase conductors, with solid‐phase particles and polymers, and their application in fabrication of soft electronic systems. In particular, various material combinations for the solid and liquid phases in the biphasic conductor, as well as methods used to print and pattern biphasic conductive compounds, are discussed. Finally, some applications that benefit from biphasic architectures are reviewed.

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Recyclable Thin‐Film Soft Electronics for Smart Packaging and E‐Skins

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of Stretchable Liquid Metal–Silver Composites through Direct Ink Writing

Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of Stretchable Liquid Metal–Silver Composites through Direct Ink Writing

Recyclable Wearable Sensor Based on Tough, Self-Healing, Adhesive Polyurethane Elastomer for Human Motion Monitoring

Gallium‐Based Liquid–Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics

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