Recycling and substitution of light rare earth elements, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium from end-of-life applications - A review

Omodara, Linda; Pitkäaho, Satu; Turpeinen, Esa; Saavalainen, Paula; Oravisjärvi, Kati; Keiski, Riitta L.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.048

Cited by 229 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Their recovery proceeds as sub-products from the processing of other metals from diverse resources: red mud valorization, phosphoric acid synthesis from phosphate ores [7], and ore leachates. The usual hydrometallurgical processes such as solvent extraction [8] and sorption on resins [9][10][11] can be applied for the treatment of high or low concentration effluents, respectively [12]. The complexity of the leachates (due to the presence of many transition metals) requires developing processes efficient for the separation of REEs from base metals [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (Pr(III) and Tm(III)) From Mining Residues Using a New Phosphorylated Hydrogel (Algal Biomass/PEI)

Salih

Wei

et al. 2021

Metals

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With the target of recovering rare earth elements (REEs) from acidic leachates, a new functionalized hydrogel was designed, based on the phosphorylation of algal/polyethyleneimine beads. The functionalization strongly increased the sorption efficiency of the raw material for Pr(III) and Tm(III). Diverse techniques were used for characterizing this new material and correlating the sorption performances and mechanisms to the physicochemical structure of the sorbent. First, the work characterized the sorption properties from synthetic solutions with the usual procedures (study of pH effect, uptake kinetics, sorption isotherms, metal desorption and sorbent recycling, and selectivity from multi-element solutions). Optimum pH was found close to 5; sorption isotherms were fitted by the Langmuir equation (maximum sorption capacities close to 2.14 mmol Pr g−1 and 1.57 mmol Tm g−1). Fast uptake kinetics were modeled by the pseudo-second order rate equation. The sorbent was highly selective for REEs against alkali-earth and base metals. The sorbent was remarkably stable for sorption and desorption operation (using 0.2 M HCl/0.5 M CaCl2 solutions). The sorbent was successfully applied to the leachates of Egyptian ore (pug leaching) after a series of pre-treatments (precipitation steps), sorption, and elution. The selective precipitation of REEs using oxalic acid allows for the recovery of a pure REE precipitate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (Pr(III) and Tm(III)) From Mining Residues Using a New Phosphorylated Hydrogel (Algal Biomass/PEI)

Salih

Wei

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…The overgrowing rate of E-waste is estimated as 20-50 millionstonnes increasing per year. Due to high consumer importance, the lighting electronic waste attracts the attention of researchers in recent years rather than other end of life products containing REEs [4]. The energy consumption of the fluorescent lamps is very less (~75% less) than that of incandescent bulbs for the production of same power of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of REMS and removal of toxic metals from fluorescent and CRT waste: a review

2020

Biointerface Res Appl Chem

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Fluorescent lamp and cathode ray tube (CRT) waste considered as hazardous waste by commission of European communities and resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA). Due to the presence of mercury and lead in fluorescent waste and cathode ray tube waste, it is highly toxic for environment. Simultaneously, these wastes are also a vital source of different rare earth elements (REEs) such as Y, Eu, Ce, Tb and La. REEs are the most critical resources in the development of both traditional and high-tech industries all over the world. In order to prevent the misuse of natural resources, recycling of REEs from fluorescent and CRT waste is an effective step for accelerating the sustainable use of resources and protect environmental pollution from mining. So, recovery of REEs as well as removal of contaminated hazardous metals such as Hg and Pb from waste is a challenging task. Many researchers in the last few years focused on the development of different process such as solvent extraction, selective leaching, and precipitation for recovery of rare earth elements as well as the removal of toxic metal from waste. Particularly recoveries of yttrium and europium metals are the main interest of many researchers due to huge application in CFL bulbs and CRT tubes. Selective leaching of Y and Eu can be obtained in dilute acid solution with moderate temperature. Dissolution of Pb in leaching process can be avoided by leaching with H2SO4 as it forms insoluble sulfate. While coming to solvent extraction, three major classes of conventional extractantshavebeen used for extraction of REEs such as cation exchanger, solvating extractants and anion exchangers. The use of ionic liquids instead of conventional extractantsismore interesting in modern research because of their high thermal stability, nontoxic and high extraction ability. They are used for effective recovery of REEs from e-waste.

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“…The global demand of REs is increased and it is expected to experiment a notable growth over time [3]. The REs worldwide reserves are 120 million tons [6]. China is one of the highest supplier of these elements, with more than 70% of the global supply [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the environmental problem associate to their dangerous compounds, such among others, heavy metals. And the presence of valuable metals, particularly REs, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium which are forming part of the anode in the Ni-MH cell [6] [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical process could be used in the battery recycling with the aim of REs recover. In the hydrometallurgical methods the batteries components are leaching in alkaline or acid medium, after machining [17], other stage included in hydrometallurgy methods is the selective separation and concentration from liquid effluent of the valuable metals, REs [6]. Some methods carried out to achieve it are among others, liquid-liquid extraction [18] [19], adsorption [20], bioadsorption [21], ion exchange [14], precipitation [16] [22] [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of La (III) and Ce(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using Carbon Nanotubes Adsorbent

Díaz¹,

Escudero²,

López³

2020

Preprint

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Since the 1960s Rare earths (REs) applications gradually have expanded to everyday life. REs have great strategic importance in industrial and technological development, so it is expected an increase in their demand. Among the REs the European Commission considered Cerium and Lanthanum as critical raw materials. This research article studies the adsorption of Ce and La onto two carbon nanomaterials, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carboxylic functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT_ox). The latter has slightly more affinity for REs than MWCNT. The recovery percentage for Ce were 89 and 98% and in the case of for La were 99 and 92% using 0.8 g of MWCNT and 0.2 g of MWCNT_ox respectively. The adsorption process fits a pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm best represented the metal uptake.

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Recycling and substitution of light rare earth elements, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium from end-of-life applications - A review

Cited by 229 publications

References 86 publications

Efficient Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (Pr(III) and Tm(III)) From Mining Residues Using a New Phosphorylated Hydrogel (Algal Biomass/PEI)

Efficient Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (Pr(III) and Tm(III)) From Mining Residues Using a New Phosphorylated Hydrogel (Algal Biomass/PEI)

Recycling of REMS and removal of toxic metals from fluorescent and CRT waste: a review

Evaluation of La (III) and Ce(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using Carbon Nanotubes Adsorbent

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