Recycling Ladle Furnace Slag as Flux in Steelmaking: A Review

Varanasi, Suguna Soumya; More, Venu Madhava Rao; Rao, M. B. Venkata; Alli, Sankar Reddy; Tangudu, Anil Kumar; Santanu, Dey

doi:10.1007/s40831-019-00243-9

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The sulfur content of LFS produced by most steel mills in China was in the range of 0.31-0.78 wt%. [11] Hence the content of sulfur used in the slag for this experiment was set as 0.55 wt%. Because the MgO content in LFS was mainly concentrated between 4 and 14 wt%, [27,29,30] and MgO addition in the range of 4-8 wt% reduced the melting temperature and viscosity while excess MgO sharply deteriorated the slag melting property.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] Until now, the external circulation of LFS used for road construction, [5,6] ceramics, [7,8] and cement production [9,10] has not only led to environmental pollution but also resulted in a low utilization value. The internal circulation of LFS for steel desulfurization [11] and pelletization [12] is restricted because of the high sulfur content in the slag. Therefore, under the double pressure of environmental pollution and resource waste, the rational utilization of sulfur-containing LFS remains unresolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Directional Sulfur Removal from Ladle Furnace Slag by Electric Field Strengthening Treatment

Xia

Lei

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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To develop a better understanding of the resource recycling of ladle furnace slag (LFS) in steel enterprises, electric field strengthening by direct current (DC) is tested as an effective method for sulfur removal from slag. Herein, sulfur removal from CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–CaF2–S (CSMAFS) slag with 4–12 wt% MgO under 0–6 V is observed at 1773 K, and the mechanism resulting from the electric field on sulfur migration is analyzed. It was concluded that with voltage increases in the range of 0–4 V, the slag network structure depolymerizes, and the melting temperature decreases, which are beneficial to sulfur migration. Mg2+, Ca2+, and other cations in the slag (cathode) are reduced, and S2− migrates to the molten steel (anode) to maintain electrochemical balance. However, sulfur migration reveals an opposite trend when the voltage is 6 V because the electric field force generated at 6 V is not sufficient to resist the combined forces of charge resistance and slag diffusion resistance.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional Sulfur Removal from Ladle Furnace Slag by Electric Field Strengthening Treatment

Xia

Lei

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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“…eir report hints that it is wise to manage LFS slag by encapsulating it into cementitious media rather than depositing it as a landfill. Direct deposition in landfill may leach the harmful chemical compounds/ heavy metals to the environment [75].…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Ladle Furnace Slag in Mortar under Standard and Accelerated Curing

Sultana

Islam

2022

Advances in Civil Engineering

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This research preliminarily investigated the suitability of a locally available ladle furnace slag (LFS) as a partial replacement of cement in mortar. The raw material was first characterized to obtain its chemical and physical properties through particle size distribution, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Later, the raw LFS was classified into two categories: (i) raw LFS and (ii) sieved (passing through #200 sieve) LFS and incorporated in mortars as a partial replacement of cement. Mortar prisms with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 50% LFS (raw and sieved) were prepared and cured under normal temperature (NTC) for 7, 28, and 56 days. Additional mortar prisms (with raw and sieved LFS) were prepared by curing them under high-temperature accelerated curing (HTAC) for 7 days. The characterization tests suggest that CaO, SiO2, MgO, and Al2O3 are the main compounds of raw LFS used in this study. The mineralogical phases present in the raw slag are calcio-olivine, akermanite, α -quartz, merwinite, magnetite (Fe3O4), and calcium-aluminium oxide. Both raw and sieved LFS-blended mortars yield good consistency up to 25% cement replacement in mortars. The compressive strength of NTC mortar suggests that 5% and 10% replacement of cement with raw and sieved LFS yields higher strength than the control mortar. Seven days strengths of raw and sieved LFS blended mortars obtained for HTAC are closely comparable to that of 28 days under NTC. This study recommends that LFS could be a sustainable supplementary material to use as a partial replacement of cement in mortar, preferably up to a level of 15% for standard works.

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“…Among the multiple uses of steel slag, the most widespread are: its reincorporation into the steel production process (Li et al, 2020;Varanasi et al, 2019) and its use in the construction sector, mainly as a substitute for natural aggregates and binders in the manufacture of concrete and cementitious composites (Brand and Fanijo, 2020;Piemonti et al, 2021) or bituminous mixtures (Li et al, 2018;Pasetto et al, 2017). One of the applications with the greatest potential is the incorporation of these materials in road pavements, replacing natural aggregates (Dondi et al, 2021;Maharaj et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bituminous base courses for flexible pavements with steel slags

Revenga¹

2021

Datasets

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The purpose of this research was to study the feasibility of incorporating steel slags into coarse bituminous mixtures. The objective was twofold: to reduce dependence on natural aggregates, and to provide a use for industrial by-products. The slags studied come from the manufacture of carbon steel in electric furnaces and are divided into two types: Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag and Ladle Furnace (LF) slag. The mixture designed is coarse bituminous concrete (AC22G), for base courses in flexible pavements.In a first phase, the physical characterization of the materials was carried out to check their suitability. In a second phase, three types of mixes were designed: a control mix (made with natural limestone aggregates), a mix where LF slag was introduced to replace the filler and the fine fraction (sand) of the mix; and finally, the feasibility of manufacturing a totally sustainable mix was analyzed, which would fully incorporate EAF slag as coarse aggregate and LF slag as fine aggregate and filler. In a third and final phase, the designed mixes were subjected to different mechanical, water sensitivity, and durability tests.The research demonstrated that the incorporation of EAF and LF steel slag as a substitute for natural aggregate in coarse bituminous mixtures is feasible, meeting regulatory requirements, improving sustainability in the construction industry, as well as reducing emissions, and contributing to climate change mitigation.

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Recycling Ladle Furnace Slag as Flux in Steelmaking: A Review

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Directional Sulfur Removal from Ladle Furnace Slag by Electric Field Strengthening Treatment

Directional Sulfur Removal from Ladle Furnace Slag by Electric Field Strengthening Treatment

Performance of Ladle Furnace Slag in Mortar under Standard and Accelerated Curing

Bituminous base courses for flexible pavements with steel slags

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