Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites—Difficulties and Future Perspectives

Borjan, Dragana; Knez, Željko; Knez, Maša

doi:10.3390/ma14154191

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Some of the factors that influence the outcome of the process are temperature, pressure, catalysts, and solvents used. The temperatures used in the different techniques that can be grouped into chemical recycling are generally lower than 400 • C. Solvolysis processes can be divided according to their requirements: higher temperature (>200 • C) and high pressure or lower temperature (<200 • C) and low pressure [78].…”

Section: Chemical Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

et al. 2021

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The rapid increase in the application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials represents a challenge to waste recycling. The circular economy approach coupled with the possibility of recovering carbon fibers from CFRP waste with similar properties to virgin carbon fibers at a much lower cost and with lower energy consumption motivate the study of CFRP recycling. Mechanical recycling methods allow the obtention of chopped composite materials, while both thermal and chemical recycling methods aim towards recovering carbon fibers. This review examines the three main recycling methods, their processes, and particularities, as well as the reuse of recycled carbon fibers in the manufacture of new composite materials.

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Section: Chemical Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, for future work, the EoL phase and different recycling strategies for the identified resources with high recycling potentials should be analyzed in more detail. The EoL might be especially relevant for the composite resources, because their recycling potential and more sustainable alternatives are still being researched [46,[89][90][91][92]. Further, for a complete picture, the use phase should be included as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Critical Resource Use in Aircraft Manufacturing

et al. 2022

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The global aircraft fleet has been expanding worldwide, leading to a high demand for primary resources. Simultaneously, recycling initiatives for decommissioned aircraft are still incipient. Following circular economy principles, the aims of this paper are to identify potentially critical resources used and related environmental impacts, to derive recommendations regarding recycling, and to analyze the influence of increasing utilization of lightweight composite materials in aircraft manufacturing. It was identified that the engine is the structure containing resources with the highest scarcity, with tantalum dominating seven of the eleven analyzed impact categories. Aluminum, titanium, and nickel were shown to lead to the highest environmental impacts. Hotspots in the criticality and environmental assessment often occur due to alloying resources with a low mass share. It was shown that aluminum and steel alloy recycling should be prioritized. A higher lightweight composite material share in the aircraft increases impacts in the categories climate change and fossil resource depletion by 12% and 20%, respectively, whereas the impact of the category acidification, political stability, and demand growth decreases by 16%, 35%, and 60%, respectively.

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“…In the review by Borjan and coworkers [ 22 ] different existing recycling technologies for carbon fiber-reinforced composites were presented with advantages and drawbacks. This is because the production of these materials has dramatically increased in the last years together with the quantity of waste.…”

Section: Recycled Materials For Environmental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%