Recycling of carbon fibers from carbon fiber reinforced polymer using electrochemical method

Sun, Hongfang; Guo, Guanping; Memon, Shazim Ali; Xu, Weiting; Zhang, Qiwu; Zhu, Julie; Xing, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.07.015

Cited by 135 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To fully distinguish the different types of functional groups on the CF‐AAEK, the C1s high resolution curve was fitted and indicated in Figure B. The spectra could be resolved into 4 different component peaks including graphitic carbon (C―C, 284.5 eV), carbon bonded alcohol or ether groups (C―OH or C―O―C, 285.6 eV), carbonyl groups (C═O, 286.6 eV), and carboxyl or ester groups (COOH or COOR, 288.3 eV) . Compared with the XPS spectrum of untreated CF, the peak at 284.5 eV weakened, while the peaks at 285.6 eV and 288.3 eV increased.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The spectra could be resolved into 4 different component peaks including graphitic carbon (C-C, 284.5 eV), carbon bonded alcohol or ether groups (C-OH or C-O-C, 285.6 eV), carbonyl groups (C═O, 286.6 eV), and carboxyl or ester groups (COOH or COOR, 288.3 eV). 24,25 Compared with the XPS spectrum of untreated CF, the peak at 284.5 eV weakened, while the peaks at 285.6 eV and 288.3 eV increased. Therefore, the XPS results suggested that the AAEK was uniformly distributed on the CF surface.…”

Section: Influence Of Aaek On Cf Interface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of surface synergy for the dispersion of short carbon fibers sized by adipic acid modified epoxy resin potassium

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2018

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The carbon fiber (CF) surface plays a critical role in the performance of CF composite materials. Adipic acid modified epoxy resin potassium (AAEK) prepared with epoxy resin and adipic acid, and KOH was employed as the CF sizing agent. Then, series of surface properties of AAEK‐treated carbon fiber (CF‐AAEK) including surface charge, morphology, and groups were characterized by using Faraday cup, friction coefficient gauge, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The results indicated that the dispersion coefficient of CF‐AAEK was increased by 1.72 times and there were synergistic effects for the dispersion of short CFs during the sizing treatment process with AAEK. In addition, the flexural strength of treated short CF composite proved to increase by 168%, which evaluated that the better CF dispersion in the matrix was a critical factor for the mechanical property improvement of short CF‐AAEK/epoxy resin composites.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Influence Of Aaek On Cf Interface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of surface synergy for the dispersion of short carbon fibers sized by adipic acid modified epoxy resin potassium

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2018

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…Liu et al [13], Yildirir et al [19], and Hyde et al [20] have investigated recycling carbon fibers from CFRP using different solvents under subcritical or supercritical conditions. These methods are expensive, difficult to industrialize, and produce large amounts of liquid waste and hazardous gases [1]. Yang et al [3], López et al [22], and Ye et al [23] have studied thermolysis methods of recovering carbon fibers from CFRP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Carbon Fibers from CFRP Waste by Microwave Thermolysis

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Processes

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With the growth of the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) in various fields, the recovery of carbon fibers from CFRP waste is becoming a significant research direction. In the present work, degrading epoxy resin and recycling carbon fibers from CFRP waste by microwave thermolysis and traditional thermolysis were studied. The carbon fibers were successfully recovered by thermolysis under an oxygen atmosphere in this study. The properties of the recovered carbon fibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The result shows that using microwave thermolysis to recover carbon fibers from CFRP waste is an attractive prospect. Compared to the traditional method, the reaction time was reduced by 56.67%, and the recovery ratio was increased by 15%. Microwave thermolysis is faster, more efficient, requires less energy, and obtains cleaner recovered carbon fibers than those recovered using traditional thermolysis.Processes 2019, 7, 207 2 of 12 including mechanical processes [14,15], chemical methods [4,[16][17][18][19][20], and thermal technology [3,[21][22][23]. However, long carbon fibers are difficult to obtain using a mechanical process, and their mechanical properties are seriously damaged with this technique [24,25]. Liu et al. [13], Yildirir et al. [19], and Hyde et al. [20] have investigated recycling carbon fibers from CFRP using different solvents under subcritical or supercritical conditions. These methods are expensive, difficult to industrialize, and produce large amounts of liquid waste and hazardous gases [1]. Yang et al. [3], López et al. [22], and Ye et al. [23] have studied thermolysis methods of recovering carbon fibers from CFRP. The pyrolysis process is not very economical, producing multiple hazardous gases and depositing char on the carbon fiber surfaces [1,19,25]. Therefore, research to develop new methods of recovering carbon fibers from CFRP has begun.Microwave heating is gradually being used more often in the area of material processing due to its advantages of rapid, uniform, and selective heating [26]. Microwave heating is the process of coupling materials with microwaves, absorbing electromagnetic energy and transforming it into heat within the material volume, in which the heat is generated from the inside to the entire volume [27][28][29]. Therefore, the microwave method can treat uniform samples due to its features of volumetric and internal heating [30,31]. Yingguang Li et al. [32,33] have reported curing of CFRP by microwave energy, and CFRP can absorb microwave energy and be heated effectively. This study provides a great reference for microwave applications in the preparation and recovery of CFRP. Long Jiang et al. [34] reported that microwave irradiation is a flexible, easy-to-control, efficient method to recover high-value carbon fibers, and recovered carbon fibers could be directly used as reinforcement in new polymers (Polypropylene and nyl...

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“…and Table . The peaks near 284.6, 532.1, 399.5, 150.5, and 100.1 eV were attributed to C1s, O1s, N1 s, Si2s, and Si2p, respectively . The changes of C, N, O and Si elements peak could be observed from Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Grafting hyperbranched polymer with terminal hydroxyl groups onto carbon fiber surface in two‐step polycondensation for improving the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite

Wang

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

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Hyperbranched polymer with terminal hydroxyl groups (HBPH) was grafted successfully onto carbon fiber (CFs) surface in two‐step polycondensation to improve the interfacial properties of CFs‐reinforced epoxy resin composites. The microstructure and interfacial properties of CFs before and after modification were investigated systematically. Experimental results indicated that HBPH were grafted uniformly onto CFs using γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the coupling agent. The polarity, roughness and wettability of the grafted fiber (CF‐HBPH) were enhanced distinctly in comparison with those of untreated CF. The CF‐HBPH composites displayed remarkable enhancement in interfacial shear strength, flexural strength and modulus (52.9, 29.1, and 42.6%) with no deteriorating fiber tensile strength, which was ascribed to the augment in fiber–epoxy interface through improved chemical interactions and mechanical interlocking. This was in accordance with scanning electron microscopy observations from the fracture surface morphologies of the composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1378–E1387, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Recycling of carbon fibers from carbon fiber reinforced polymer using electrochemical method

Cited by 135 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of surface synergy for the dispersion of short carbon fibers sized by adipic acid modified epoxy resin potassium

Effects of surface synergy for the dispersion of short carbon fibers sized by adipic acid modified epoxy resin potassium

Recycling of Carbon Fibers from CFRP Waste by Microwave Thermolysis

Grafting hyperbranched polymer with terminal hydroxyl groups onto carbon fiber surface in two‐step polycondensation for improving the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite

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