Recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymeric waste for the production of activated carbon fibres

Nahil, Mohamad A.; Williams, Paul T.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.01.005

Cited by 140 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thermogravimetric analysis of the CFRP sample revealed that it consisted of 61.5 wt% carbon fibre and 38.5 % resin. The resin was found to be of a polybenzoxazine backbone (a phenolic-type thermoset) [11]. The elemental (CHNSO) composition of the CFRP was; 80.3% carbon, 2.05% hydrogen, 5.9% oxygen, 4.15% nitrogen and 1.65% sulphur.…”

Section: Recovery Of Carbon Fibre Obtained From Composite Plastic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal and thermo-chemical processes are another option for recycling of reinforced plastics [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, carbon fibre reinforced composites recycling using pyrolysis and hydrothermal processing can be potentially viable because these processes are seen as cost effective at the moment. Pyrolysis involves heating the waste material to elevated temperature (400-600°C) in the absence of air/oxygen, while gasification (T ≥ 800 °C) can be used to convert the organic components of waste into CO and H 2 in the presence of a limited amount of steam and air/oxygen [4,[11][12][13]. Under hydrothermal processing, water is used as a solvent [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluating the mechanical properties of reinforced LDPE composites made with carbon fibres recovered via solvothermal processing

Yıldırır

Miskolczi

Onwudili

et al. 2015

Composites Part B: Engineering

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Carbon fibre was recovered from a thermoset composite via a solvo-thermal process and used as reinforcement in low density polyethylene (LDPE). The oxidized recovered carbon fibres have shown better properties than original non-oxidized fibres. The best interactions between the continuous and dispersed phases were found using 3-aminopropyl-trimetoxysilane and experimentally synthesized polyalkenyl-polymaleic anhydride based polymers. The tensile strength of the prepared composites nearly doubled when 3-aminopropyl-trimetoxysilane was used as compatibilizer, in comparison to the composites prepared without additives. Based on infrared analysis, a chemical reaction has been proposed between -COOH groups of compatibilizers and the -OH groups of the carbon fibre surface for the best composites.

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Section: Recovery Of Carbon Fibre Obtained From Composite Plastic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal and thermo-chemical processes are another option for recycling of reinforced plastics [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating the mechanical properties of reinforced LDPE composites made with carbon fibres recovered via solvothermal processing

Yıldırır

Miskolczi

Onwudili

et al. 2015

Composites Part B: Engineering

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show abstract

“…Clearly, the proportion of aniline produced increased with temperature and could indicate its stability under the pyrolytic conditions. Nahil and Williams [21] carried out pyrolysis of CRCP samples in a fixed bed reactor at 600°C, and also found aniline to be the major component of the oil product. The formation of aniline and phenols can be attributed to the decomposition of the polybenzoxazine-based resin, possibly cured with bisphenol-A, present in the reinforced plastic waste [17,22].…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Autoclave pyrolysis of carbon reinforced composite plastic waste for carbon fibre and chemicals recovery

Onwudili

Insura

Williams

2013

Journal of the Energy Institute

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Carbon reinforced composite plastic (CRCP) waste has been pyrolyzed under nitrogen atmosphere in a batch stainless steel autoclave between temperatures of 350°C and 500°C and reaction times of up to 60 minutes. The reaction products were dominated by solid residue (72 -77 wt%), gas (2 -4 wt%) and liquid (22 -25 wt%). The solid residue consisted mainly of carbon fibre, giving up to 98 wt% recovery. However, the mechanical properties of the recovered fibres were lower when compared with a sample of virgin carbon fibre. The gas products contained mainly carbon dioxide and some hydrocarbon gases. The proportion of the combustible gases gave calorific values of up to 35MJ/m 3 . The liquid products consisted of 15 -20 wt% water, possibly from the degradation of the amide/ester linkages in the resin, and the rest was darkbrownish oils, soluble in dichloromethane. The TGA/DTG analysis of the CRCP waste indicated that the primary resin present could be based on polybenzoxazine polymer. The major components of the oils included aniline, methyl aniline and phenols. Apparently, these chemical products could be regarded as the monomers for making the resin and its curing agents (e.g.bisphenol-A). Hence, the autoclave pyrolysis allowed complete degradation of the resin fraction of the CRCP at moderately low temperature, along with the recovery of carbon fibre and chemical feedstocks.

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“…It has been the most studied thermal process [22][23][24], and some variations can be found as the microwave heating pyrolysis [25,26]. Depending on the matrix nature, and the considered variation, the efficiency of such a treatment is variable: from 80% to 99% of eliminated resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fibres Recycled by Steam Thermolysis: A Statistical Approach

Boulanghien

R’Mili

Bernhart

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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is properly cited. e recent development of technologies for recycling carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) leads to the need to evaluate the mechanical response of recycled carbon fibres. As these fibres are likely to be degraded during the recycling treatment, it is very important to determine their tensile residual properties so as to evaluate their ability as reinforcement for new composite materials. Carbon fibres reclaimed by a steam-thermal treatment applied to degrade the epoxy resin matrix of a CFRP are here analysed. Two conditions were chosen so as to reach two degradation efficiency levels of the steam thermolysis. Several carbon fibre samples were selected for mechanical testing carried out either on single filaments using single fibre tensile tests or on fibre tows using bundle tensile tests. It is shown that the single fibre tensile test leads to a wide variability of statistical parameters derived from the analysis. Bundle tensile tests results were able to indicate that fibre strength of recycled carbon fibre is similar to corresponding as-received carbon fibres thanks to a statistically relevant database. Wide number of tested filaments enabled indeed to obtain low scatters.

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Recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymeric waste for the production of activated carbon fibres

Cited by 140 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluating the mechanical properties of reinforced LDPE composites made with carbon fibres recovered via solvothermal processing

Evaluating the mechanical properties of reinforced LDPE composites made with carbon fibres recovered via solvothermal processing

Autoclave pyrolysis of carbon reinforced composite plastic waste for carbon fibre and chemicals recovery

Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fibres Recycled by Steam Thermolysis: A Statistical Approach

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