Recycling of Coal Fly Ash as an Example of an Efficient Circular Economy: A Stakeholder Approach

Abstract

The scale of waste formation from coal-fired generation is significant and tends to grow steadily in the context of the global use of coal for power production. This paper covers the problems and current opportunities for recycling coal fly ash waste from coal generation from the position of a stakeholder approach, namely, identification of the main participants and determination of the effects for economic agents in coal fly ash recycling projects. Based on the method of economic modeling and the empirical assessment of project efficiency, this paper presents alternative patterns of stakeholder interaction in the process of implementing coal fly ash recycling projects, estimates the effects of using coal fly ash, and identifies conflicting interests between stakeholders. It is shown that the reason behind the low interest of the Russian private sector in the processing of coal fly ash is the lack of stimulating market mechanisms for manufacturers and consumers of ash products, the high risks of implementing recycling projects based on clean coal technologies, and low environmental payments for commercial companies.

Comparative lead adsorptions in synthetic wastewater by synthesized zeolite A of recycled industrial wastes from sugar factory and power plant

“…The recycling of wastes is one of sustainable development based on the circular economy which directly corresponds to economic and technological justification in 5 R principles of reduce, replacement, recovery, reuse and recycling [ 109 ]. Therefore, uses of BFA and CFA as affordable raw materials for synthesis of zeolite A adsorbents for lead removal in wastewater are an interesting choice to obtain two benefits of waste management and water quality.…”

Methods of Ensuring Energy Security with the Use of Hard Coal—The Case of Poland

“…CFA recycling scenarios have been developed and described in the literature. They indicate that the waste may be used within the cluster or may be of interest to a third party [76]. The products that will be created thanks to the waste management of the coal combustion process are:…”

“…CO 2 -will be used within the cluster for the production of biomass; Sulfuric and nitric acids-will be used within the cluster to obtain REEs; Fly ash-by keeping waste in a closed circuit, the amount of waste will be reduced, and its storage costs will be lowered. The developed CFA recycling scenarios also assume that part of the fly ash may be sold to companies interested in using it, e.g., to produce building materials [76]. The product will be delivered to the recipient, e.g., via the manufacturer's car transport.…”

Assessment of Energy Sustainability Issues in the Andean Community: Additional Indicators and Their Interpretation

“…As a result, a lot is spoken about the fourth energy transition, which implies the widespread use of renewable energy sources and the elimination of fossil fuels [19][20][21]. In addition to renewable energy sources, a significant impact on countries' energy mixes is made by distributed energy generation, digitalization of the economy [22], decarbonization of the energy sector and other industries [23], innovations in smart energy systems, novel energy materials and low carbon technologies [24], the introduction of energy storage systems (batteries, fuel cells), the utilization of new CO2 sequestration technologies [25][26][27], the transition to electric vehicles, all of which significantly changes the structure of the energy market, stimulating energy saving and improving energy efficiency [28]. The examples of countries include Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Albania, France, Panama, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Colombia, Brazil, and Denmark [12].…”