“…The frequently studied SCMs are fly ash (Basri et al, 1999;Kevern et al, 2011), furnace slag (Kevern et al, 2011), silica fume (Limbachiya et al, 2012), etc. The investigated AAs include, but are not limited to, RCA (Alam et al, 2013;Etxeberria et al, 2007;Limbachiya et al, 2012;Sabai et al, 2013), building rubbles (Khalaf and Devenny, 2004), tire rubber (Nehdi and Khan, 2001), oil palm shells (Basri et al, 1999), and waste glass (Berry et al, 2011;Ling et al, 2013). Several researchers further investigated the structural applications of sustainable concrete in reinforced concrete beams or slabs (Akhtaruzzaman and Hasnat, 1986;Berry et al, 2011;Mannan and Ganapathy, 2004;Kumar et al, 2007).…”