Recycling of Endogenous Nitrogen in the Pig (Preliminary Results of a Collaborative Study)

Souffrant, W. B.; Darcy‐Vrillon, Béatrice; Corring, T.; Laplace, J.P.; Köhler, Rosemarie; Gebhardt, G.; Rérat, A.

doi:10.1080/17450398609425271

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite the pigs being fed different proteins and different ways of labelling with 15 N being used, the experimental data obtained supports the results of our previous study Zebrowska et al, 1992) and are in agreement with other experiments; Zebrowska et al (1982) and Souffrant et al (1986) indicating its validity for growing pigs. In the present experiment, N retention, related to intake, was 10% lower in comparison to the soyabean meal diet of the previous experiment (Zebrowska et al, 1992) due to lower apparent digestibility and higher urinary N excretion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It can be assumed that not all of the 15 N in carcass and other samples was detected, especially because the amount of infused 15 N (16.5 mg 15 N/kg BW°-75 /d) was much lower than the orally administered amount (145.2 mg 15 N/kg BW 0 75 /d) in the previous experiment. The 15 N isotope dilution technique in combination with other experimental methods is suitable for studies of N absorption and secretion in different sections of the gut because it discriminates between endogenous and exogenous nitrogen in the intestinal digesta, as shown by Souffrant et al (1986), Krawielitzki et al (1990 a, b), Bartelt et al (1994). Recent studies by van Leeuwen et al (1994) who compared different methods of administering 15 N in the context of their effect on the enrichment of body fractions have shown that 15 N enrichment in the TCA soluble fractions of blood and of muscle did not differ significantly after supplying the same amount of 15 N-labelled leucine by infusion or orally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal nitrogen flow, total nitrogen and 15N balance in pigs labelled intravenously with 15N-leucine and fed a meat meal diet

Schadereit¹,

Krawielitzki²,

Żebrowska³

et al. 1995

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Three pigs of about 33 kg body weight, each fitted with re-entrant cannulas into the duodenum and ileum and with bladder catheters were used for the study. One of the pigs was infused intravenously with 15 N-leucine for 8 days. Total N passage, 15 N nitrogen passage through the duodenum and ileum, and N balance were determined. The mean amount of total N passing the duodenum exceeded the ingested N by 12%, and that passing the ileum accounted for 27% of N intake. Of the infused 15 N, 67.4% was found in the urine, faeces, digesta and carcass after slaughter. Taking the recovered amount of 15 N as 100%, 20.4% was found in urine, 0.6% in faeces, 8.2% in digesta and 70.8% in tissues. It was concluded that 15 N retention from intravenously administrated leucine was much higher than from 15 N in urea given with feed, as estimated previously.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal nitrogen flow, total nitrogen and 15N balance in pigs labelled intravenously with 15N-leucine and fed a meat meal diet

Schadereit¹,

Krawielitzki²,

Żebrowska³

et al. 1995

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…However, the extent to which reabsorption occurs has not been clearly established; it has been estimated at 70-80% before the terminal ileum (Souffrant et al 1986(Souffrant et al , 1993Krawielitzki et al 1994). This indicates that only about 20-30% of the total endogenous gut nitrogen secretions are of concern when determining ENL and true ileal amino acid digestibilities.…”

Section: Ii2 Recycling Of Endogenous N In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of endogenous gut nitrogen losses in the nutrition of growing pigs: A review

Nyachoti¹,

Lange²,

McBride³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

236

163

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Nyachoti, C. M., de Lange, C. F. M., McBride, B. W. and Schulze, H. 1997. Significance of endogenous gut nitrogen losses in the nutrition of growing pigs: A review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 149-163. During the past two decades endogenous gut N losses (ENL) at the distal ileum in the growing pig have received considerable attention in swine nutrition research. Estimates of ENL are important for determining true ileal N and amino acid digestibilities and for identifying means to improve the efficiency of N and energy utilization in growing pigs. Endogenous secretions originate from various sources including saliva, pancreatic secretions, bile, sloughed off epithelial cells, serum albumin and mucin. It has been estimated that 70 to 80% of endogenous N secretions are digested and re-absorbed. Therefore, ENL represents only a fraction of total endogenous N secreted into the gut. Increased ENL are likely associated with elevated rates of gut protein synthesis. This is bound to increase maintenance energy and amino acid requirements of pigs. Traditionally, ENL were determined by feeding protein-free diets or by the regression method. Various alternative techniques ( 15 N-isotope dilution technique, homoarginine technique, enzymatically hydrolysed casein method) are now available to estimate the ENL in pigs fed protein-containing diets. Each of these techniques has some limitations and all require different assumptions. Results obtained with these alternative techniques indicate that the net ENL losses are much higher and more variable than previously estimated, and that they are affected both by animal and dietary factors. Recent estimates of ENL losses vary between 1.8 and 8.3 g kg -1 dry matter intake. The main factors (feed intake, body weight, content of anti-nutritional factors, fibres and [digestible] protein) that affect ENL and approaches (plant breeding and selection, ingredient processing and use of exogenous enzymes) to reduce ENL are discussed in this review. In addition, the metabolic costs associated with ENL are estimated.

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“…The urea -present in the TCAsoluble plasma fraction -is also an important component of endogenous N secretion (Rérat et al, 1979). Rérat and Buraczewska (1986) (1985,1987 Recycling of endogenous N After our preliminary approach (Souffrant et al, 1986), the total daily endogenous Nsecretion and the reabsorption of endogenous N in the GIT were estimated again for the data published in our first and second reports (Corring et al, 1990;Darcy-Vrillon et al, 1991) The average amount of N ingested on the day of collection was 23.6 ± 2.1 g, whereas 2.2 ± 0.3 and 1.3 ± 0.1 g N were found in ileal digesta and faeces respectively. Using the blood flow method and measuring the porto-arterial concentration differences, a daily total N-absorption of 33.0 ± 2.1 g was found, representing 140% of N-intake.…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous and endogenous contributions to nitrogen fluxes in the digestive tract of pigs fed a casein diet. III. Recycling of endogenous nitrogen

Souffrant

Rérat²,

Jp³

et al. 1993

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Summary ― The aim of the present study was to measure the incorporation of infused 15 N in blood fractions, urine, digesta, faeces and in the exocrine pancreatic and biliary secretions, in order to estimate the endogenous part of nitrogen in the ileal digesta and in the faeces of pigs fed a casein diet and to calculate the total endogenous nitrogen secretion as well as its recycling in the digestive tract.

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Recycling of Endogenous Nitrogen in the Pig (Preliminary Results of a Collaborative Study)

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Intestinal nitrogen flow, total nitrogen and <sup>15</sup>N balance in pigs labelled intravenously with <sup>15</sup>N-leucine and fed a meat meal diet

Intestinal nitrogen flow, total nitrogen and <sup>15</sup>N balance in pigs labelled intravenously with <sup>15</sup>N-leucine and fed a meat meal diet

Significance of endogenous gut nitrogen losses in the nutrition of growing pigs: A review

Exogenous and endogenous contributions to nitrogen fluxes in the digestive tract of pigs fed a casein diet. III. Recycling of endogenous nitrogen

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