Recycling of graphite anode from spent lithium‐ion batteries: Advances and perspectives

Abstract

There is growing production for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to satisfy the booming development renewable energy storage systems. Meanwhile, amounts of spent LIBs have been generated and will become more soon. Therefore, the proper disposal of these spent LIBs is of significant importance. Graphite is the dominant anode in most commercial LIBs. This review specifically focuses on the recent advances in the recycling of graphite anode (GA) from spent LIBs. It covers the significance of GA recycling from spent LIBs, the introduction of the GA aging mechanisms in LIBs, the summary of the developed GA recovery strategies, and the highlight of reclaimed GA for potential applications. In addition, the prospect related to the future challenges of GA recycling is given at the end. It is expected that this review will provide practical guidance for researchers engaged in the field of spent LIBs recycling.

Hierarchical Porous N-Doped Carbon Nanofibers with Encapsulated Li3VO4 Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Storage

“…However, the large volume variation during Li + insertion/extraction processes can lead to structural degradation and poor cycling stability. , On the other hand, intercalation-type anode materials typically have lower capacities but offer stable structures with minimal volume change. Moreover, they also exhibit fast reaction kinetics due to the Li + insertion/extraction mechanism. , Therefore, the exploitation and investigation of intercalation-type anode materials with suitable working voltage and high specific capacities as potential candidates for commercial LIBs are crucial for improving energy/power densities.…”

“…Moreover, they also exhibit fast reaction kinetics due to the Li + insertion/extraction mechanism. 18,19 Therefore, the exploitation and investigation of intercalationtype anode materials with suitable working voltage and high specific capacities as potential candidates for commercial LIBs are crucial for improving energy/power densities. In recent years, there has been significant research on lithium vanadium oxide (Li 3 VO 4 ) as a promising intercalation anode material.…”

Innovative Method to Recover Graphite from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various electronic products and new energy vehicles due to a series of advantages such as high energy density, no memory effect, and low self-discharge rate. − In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has grown rapidly. According to statistics, the global demand for lithium-ion batteries will reach 3600 GWh by 2030 .…”

An effective model for sodium insertion in hard carbons

“…Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have many applications in commercial electronic devices 1 and vehicles, energy storage, military 2 and others, due to their high energy density and low self-discharge. 2 However, limited Li resources on the Earth lead to high costs of LIBs 3,4 while the demand for energy storage capacity continues to increase.…”