Recycling of post-use starch-based plastic bags through pyrolysis to produce sulfonated catalysts and chemicals

Samorì, Chiara; Parodi, Adriano; Tagliavini, Emilio; Galletti, Paola

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105030

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…33,64−66 This points toward utilizing such processes as simulated in this work toward producing high-energy gases utilized as a fuel gas on their own, similar to the case of utilizing nickel (Ni)-based catalysts. 81 The scission of typical bonds in plastic feedstock (e.g., C−H, C−C, and C−O) could be further achieved in future studies with cobalt (Co)-based catalysts. 82 The feedstock used in this work (i.e., LLDPE) simulates one part of the major PSW found in solid waste streams worldwide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Range Properties of Oil and Wax Obtained from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR)

Al–Salem

Haute

Karam

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Virgin linear low-density polyethylene was subjected to pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor pilot plant segmented into three heating zones with both sand and Magnofil BT 80 catalyst as bed materials. The pyrolysis oil and wax products were extracted at an average bed temperature of 600 and 700 °C. The oil yield decreased between 600 (8.7 wt %) and 700 °C (8.1 wt %) in an inverse relationship with the reaction time (358 and 384 min, respectively). This was attributed to an increase in the vibration of the polyolefin polymer matrix as a result of the absorbed thermal energy with an increase in temperature. The experiments performed at 700 °C showed no wax formation but high yields of gaseous products and oils, which are more lucrative in managing accumulated plastic waste, of which polyethylene constitutes large proportions, via thermochemical conversion technologies. The estimated calorific value at 600 °C was 45.5 MJ kg–1, which is in the acceptable range for both diesel and gasoline fuel market specifications. The sulfur content in the pyrolysis oil was estimated to be 0.013% and was not affected by changes in the temperature of the fluidized reactor. However, desulfurization will be required in the future to obtain oil within acceptable ranges of clean fuels. In addition, to support this work’s results in obtaining fuels from such feedstock materials, the fuel range hydrocarbons were also analyzed. The diesel fuel hydrocarbon range (C10–C19) was between 37 and 60% in the pyrolysis oils examined. The results determined experimentally from the pilot-plant work herein are quite promising for sustainable fuel integration plans in the near future with existing petroleum refining complexes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Range Properties of Oil and Wax Obtained from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR)

Al–Salem

Haute

Karam

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Therefore, to facilitate the workup, two acidic heterogeneous catalysts were tested: Amberlyst 15-H, a commercial acidic resin, and a recyclable catalyst prepared from the char produced through pyrolysis and sulfonation of starch (C-SO 3 H) that we already described . Both gave a high conversion of MC after 7 h at 130 °C under autogenous pressure (Table , entries 2 and 3, see the ESI for detailed optimization reaction conditions, Table S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sulfonated acidic heterogeneous catalyst from potato starch (C-SO 3 H) was obtained following an already reported procedure. 33 MHB and MMB Synthesis. Synthesis of Methyl 3-Hydroxybutyrate (MHB).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SSC (Cupriavidus necator) and MMC containing PHB were cultivated following previously reported procedures. , The types of bacteria used (SSC or MMC) and their PHB content (22, 35, 39, or 57 wt %) are reported in Table . A sulfonated acidic heterogeneous catalyst from potato starch (C-SO 3 H) was obtained following an already reported procedure …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43 Therefore, to facilitate the workup, two acidic heterogeneous catalysts were tested: Amberlyst 15-H, a commercial acidic resin, and a recyclable catalyst prepared from the char produced through pyrolysis and sulfonation of starch (C-SO 3 H) that we already described. 33 Both gave a high conversion of MC after 7 h at 130 °C under autogenous pressure (Table 3, entries 2 and 3, see the ESI for detailed optimization reaction conditions, Table S3). Harsh conditions are thus necessary because of the presence of the double bond in the α,β position that deactivates the carboxylic group; in fact, by using simply reflux conditions, lower conversion was observed (Table 3, entry 1).…”

Section: Mass Of Wastes (G) Mass Of Products (G)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical Recycling of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) into Bio-Based Solvents and Their Use in a Circular PHB Extraction

Parodi

D’Ambrosio

Mazzocchetti

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Two novel protocols for the chemical valorization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) were developed, aiming at the production of two bio-based molecules: methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (MHB) and methyl 3-methoxybutyrate (MMB). Optimized reaction conditions were applied to pure PHB and PHB inclusions inside bacterial cells as starting materials. MHB was synthesized through a single-step catalytic methanolysis, while MMB was synthesized through a three-step process: thermolytic distillation to give crotonic acid (CA), esterification to give methyl crotonate (MC), and oxa-Michael addition of MeOH. The obtained MHB and MMB were tested as solvents for the recovery of PHB itself both from freeze-dried single strain cultures (SSC) and mixed microbial cultures (MMC) with low to medium contents of PHB (22–57 wt %). High PHB recovery was achieved: up to 96 ± 1% through MHB and up to 98 ± 1% through MMB. Extraction from MMC slurry (with a PHB content of 39% on dry weight) was also performed, recovering 77 ± 2% using MHB and 92 ± 2% using MMB. High purities and excellent molecular weights and polydispersity indexes of extracted PHB were obtained with both MHB and MMB. Solubility in water, octanol/water partition coefficients (log K ow), and aerobic ready biodegradability of both solvents were also evaluated.

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Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Farouq

Selim

2023

J Polym Environ

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In this work, two catalysts based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing sulfonic acid group and the −COOH group of citric acid (CA) were synthesized. Characterization of the −SO3H functionalized PEG and citric acid functionalized PEG has been carried out using FT–IR. The acidity of PEG–SO3H and PEG–CA has been explored to investigate their catalytic efficiency towards eco-friendly production of methyl salicylate via esterification of salicylic acid using methanol as a reactant as well as solvent. Methanol to acid molar ratios of 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1 was applied. The sulfonated PEG is found to be a very active solid acid catalyst giving high yields (82%) under the optimized reaction conditions (10:1 M ratio of methanol to acid; reaction temperature, 65 °C; reaction time, 150 min with catalyst loading of 1.5%. In comparison with the catalytic activity of H2SO4, PEG–SO3H, and PEG-CA; the PEG–SO3H surpassed the catalytic activity of both H2SO4 and PEG–CA. The IEC of PEG–SO3H was 4 meq/g. And the maximum water uptake of PEG-SO3H was 8.25%.

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Recycling of post-use starch-based plastic bags through pyrolysis to produce sulfonated catalysts and chemicals

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Fuel Range Properties of Oil and Wax Obtained from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR)

Fuel Range Properties of Oil and Wax Obtained from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR)

Chemical Recycling of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) into Bio-Based Solvents and Their Use in a Circular PHB Extraction

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

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