Recycling of Solid Residues to the Forest

Mahmoudkhani, Maryam; Richards, Tobias; Theliander, Hans

doi:10.1205/095758204323065993

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fertilizer and soil amendment LM (7.5 t/ha) buffered soil acidity, increased pH, doubled the base saturation, and reduced exchangeable acidity [28,38].…”

Section: Laboratory Agriculturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of materials such as geopolymer mortars, cement, clinker, anorthite ceramics or bricks has been evaluated. However, high moisture content (up to 60%) and the existence of silica in LM have created many difficulties in handling this material [28,72] and may hamper the scale-up as a construction material. In Portugal, LM has been tested in a research project as filler or fine aggregate replacement in the construction of an industrial pavilion [59].…”

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since LM is an alkaline material, there is interest in the valorisation as a soil amendment, or as a liming agent in agriculture and forestry [73]. This may represent a cost-effective substitute for calcitic or dolomitic limestone [28,38]. Moreover, LM shows great potential to substitute commercial limestone in other applications, since it performed better than commercial limestone for the desulfurization of flue gas [68].…”

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Quina

Pinheiro

2020

Applied Sciences

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Kraft pulp mills produce the main raw material for paper, while several waste products are generated in large quantities in the process. This review study addresses four of the main inorganic wastes formed by this industry, namely green liquor dregs (GLD), slaker grits (SG), lime mud (LM) and boiler fly ash (BFA), which are still mostly discarded in landfills. A brief overview of a typical industrial process was included to outline the waste generation points. The main chemical and physical properties are indicated for highlighting the most relevant characteristics to determine which applications may be considered in each case. An in-depth literature review allowed the identification of the main applications that have been tested mainly at the laboratory scale and some at an industrial scale. The applications are grouped into construction materials, geotechnical, environmental, agricultural and others. This assessment shows that the circular economy and the sustainable development goals of the UN are important issues for organizations in general, and the pulp mill in particular. In fact, this industry has managed to close the chemicals loops, recover energy and reduce water consumption in the process. However, the current situation of inorganic waste can still be improved if industrial applications are developed to avoid landfill.

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“…Fertilizer and soil amendment LM (7.5 t/ha) buffered soil acidity, increased pH, doubled the base saturation, and reduced exchangeable acidity [28,38].…”

Section: Laboratory Agriculturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Quina

Pinheiro

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…Characteristics of the wastes: pulp and paper mills produce large amounts of waste with compositions that vary in a wide range of values [2,33]. Some wastes are rich in nutrients that can be returned to the environment, reducing the amount disposed of in landfills [34]. In general, these wastes are considered non-hazardous wastes [24,32,35] and show high alkalinity, typically with pH >10 (Table I).…”

Section: Manufacturing Process and Waste Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Introducing an anoxic treatment step to promote denitrification has also been reported in the literature, and the sludge volume can be reduced by means of heat or chemical treatments. Moreover, drying, pelletizing/ granulation and heat treatment processes can be used to adapt the waste for further valorization while minimizing its volume [34,44]. Worldwide, landfilling is the most common destination for such wastes, but the high (and increasing) volumes involved and the possible presence of hazardous elements in some streams impose environmental constraints to this practice.…”

Section: Final Destination and Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastes from pulp and paper mills - a review of generation and recycling alternatives

et al. 2018

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The production of pulp and paper is increasing worldwide, and wastes are therefore being generated in appreciable amounts. Various materials are generated in pulp and paper mills, such as ash, dregs, grits, lime mud and pulp mill sludge. Over the years, these wastes have typically been sent to landfills or incinerated. However, with increased environmental awareness new alternatives have been investigated, especially the valorization of these materials. In this review, the characteristics of the manufacturing process, generated wastes, main destinations and recycling alternatives are addressed. The state of the art indicates that dregs are useful in agriculture as soil amendments, while lime mud can be used in agriculture and in environmental technology, mainly in wastewater treatment. Grits are commonly employed in construction, and pulp mill sludge shows applications in agriculture, construction and energy processes. In conclusion, this review shows several successful cases of recycling wastes from pulp and paper mills.

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Chemical characterization of green liquor dregs from 16 Swedish pulp and paper mills between 2017 and 2019

Stahre,

Sartz,

Bäckström

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Green liquor dregs (GLD) is an alkaline by-product from the pulp and paper industry with a pH between 10 and 14. Today most of the produced GLD in Sweden is landfilled. As a fine-grained alkaline material, it might be possible to use it for acid-generating mining waste remediation. To increase the utilization, quality characteristics and environmental performance need to be determined. In this study samples were collected 5 times from 16 mills during a period of 2.5 years, and were characterized by analyzing dry matter content, loss on ignition (LOI) 550 °C and LOI 950 °C, elemental analysis, pH, electrical conductivity, and calorific value. The results were then evaluated using multivariate statistics (PCA) as well as being compared to other studies and Swedish till. The results show that even if GLD is heterogenous (both within a mill and between different mills) trends can be seen for samples from most mills. When samples do stand out, it is predominately related to the same four mills. Most of the studied parameters showed characteristics favorable for use as a remediant; however, TOC, sulfur, and some of the elements require further study. In general, this study concludes that GLD can be a viable option for the remediation of small orphaned sulfidic mining sites and thus worthy of further studies on the interaction between GLD and acidic mining waste.Overall, GLD can be a good alternative for cost-effective remediation of smaller orphaned mining sites. It is readily available in large quantities, has the qualities needed for remediation of many orphaned acidic mining sites, and can often be locally sourced near the mining site. The use of GLD for mining site remediation is likely also a more sustainable method compared to traditional remediation methods.

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Recycling of Solid Residues to the Forest

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Wastes from pulp and paper mills - a review of generation and recycling alternatives

Chemical characterization of green liquor dregs from 16 Swedish pulp and paper mills between 2017 and 2019

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