Recycling of textile dye using double network polymer from sodium alginate and superabsorbent polymer

Sodium humate modified superabsorbent resin with higher salt‐tolerating and moisture‐resisting capacities

“…The approx. 14% mass loss appears in the third step of temperature range of 240–340 °C due to the thermal degradation initiated via the olefinic bonds and scission of crosslinks . In the fourth step, the main mass loss appears (around 35%) in a range of 340–650 °C due to decarboxylation and carbonization processes .…”

“…Therefore, the water absorbency of SAR increased. According to the relation between the average kinetic chain length and concentration of initiator in free‐radical polymerization, the molecular weight grafted on polymer backbone will decrease with the increasing of initiator concentration and then more polymer chain ends generated. Therefore, further increasing initiator content from 1.3 to 2.0 wt % is responsible for the decrease of water absorbency.…”

Environmental Implications of Recycling and Recycled Products

“…Many a time, the effluents generated from the textile, paper, plastic, leather, food, and mineral processing industries are discharged into the water stream and also, grounded in a land without appropriate post-treatment, leading to environmental pollution and health problems (Dhanapal and Subramanian 2014). The textile dyeing process generates a large quantity of toxic effluents that contain unabsorbed residual dyes, acid, alkali, salts, and other auxiliaries.…”

“…The textile dyeing process generates a large quantity of toxic effluents that contain unabsorbed residual dyes, acid, alkali, salts, and other auxiliaries. The reactive dyes may be mutagenic and carcinogenic and can cause severe damage to the liver, digestive, and central nervous system of human beings, in addition to affecting agricultural cultivation and underground water (Dhanapal and Subramanian 2014;Rajeswari et al 2001). Many synthetic organic dyes present in the effluent are Table 1 K/S and other parameters in marigold-treated fabrics (concentration of mordant: 20 %) (Teli et al 2013a(Teli et al , b, 2014Vankar et al 2009 toxic in nature and endanger aquatic life and the environment.…”

“…It has a negative impact on the environment due to their low biological oxygen demand (BOD) and high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Nearly identical visible absorption spectra of the fabrics dyed with virgin and recovered dyes indicated that the recovered dye could maintain its structural integrity during column recovery, and the dyed fabrics possessed good colour fastness properties (Dhanapal and Subramanian 2014). The reactive dyes may be mutagenic and carcinogenic and can cause severe damage to the liver, digestive, and central nervous system of human beings, in addition to affecting agricultural cultivation and underground water (Dhanapal and Subramanian 2014;Rajeswari et al 2001).…”