Recycling potential of post-consumer plastic packaging waste in Finland

Quality Assessment and Circularity Potential of Recovery Systems for Household Plastic Waste

“…; Villanueva and Eder ), which can be divided into four main groups: (1) the presence of non‐plastic items, for example, missorted items, composite materials, or poor cleaning; (2) the presence of non‐targeted polymer types, for example, from items containing several polymers, labels, multilayer plastic films, or missorting; (3) the presence of unwanted product types, for example, toys, if bottles are the targeted product category; and (4) chemical contamination, for example, from colorants, stabilizers, compatibilizers, use, or waste management (Dahlbo et al. ). Although the quality of recycled plastics are affected directly by these physical and chemical properties, only few studies have quantitatively addressed plastic quality based on these (e.g., Huysman et al., ).…”

“…Plastic from HHW is a particularly heterogeneous waste stream containing both high-quality items, such as food contact-approved plastic, and lower-quality items, such as flower pots and dirty non-food containers (Petersen et al 2012(Petersen et al , 2014. From a recycling perspective, the quality of plastic waste is affected mainly by the contamination level of the recovered plastic van der Harst et al 2016;Villanueva and Eder 2014), which can be divided into four main groups: (1) the presence of non-plastic items, for example, missorted items, composite materials, or poor cleaning; (2) the presence of non-targeted polymer types, for example, from items containing several polymers, labels, multilayer plastic films, or missorting; (3) the presence of unwanted product types, for example, toys, if bottles are the targeted product category; and (4) chemical contamination, for example, from colorants, stabilizers, compatibilizers, use, or waste management (Dahlbo et al 2017). Although the quality of recycled plastics are affected directly by these physical and chemical properties, only few studies have quantitatively addressed plastic quality based on these (e.g., Huysman et al, 2017).…”

Designing Business Solutions for Plastic Waste Management to Enhance Circular Transitions in Kenya

“…There are countries that have made an effort to implement circular economy models in the plastic packaging industry, such as Austria [21], the United States [6], Sweden [22], Finland [23], and the Netherlands [24]. Figure 1 below outlines the linear nature of plastic management in Kenya.…”

“…County environmental departments, together with other contracted solid waste handlers, act as the link to those responsible for recycling. Plastic products manufacturers, through their umbrella organization, Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM), are the other group; these associations are both in emerging and mature economies [21,23,72]. Such manufacturers bring in investment, provide jobs, pay taxes, and are affected by any regulation touching on plastic products.…”

“…Reuse is the last key activity in the circular process. For less energy and material utilization, the manufacturers of plastic products must be encouraged to produce long-lasting and recycle products [23]. The four activities do require resources and proper legislation such as how to deal with scrap waste.…”