Recycling spent Pleurotus eryngii substrate supplemented with Tenebrio molitor feces for cultivation of Agrocybe chaxingu

Abstract

Purpose In the industrialized production of mushrooms usually only one flush of fruitbody is harvested, so that nutrients and energy in the substrate is not fully exploited. In this study, the spent Pleurotus eryngii substrate was recycled for the cultivation of Agrocybe chaxingu under ambient temperature. Method Six formulae were tested: (1) Control: 98% spent substrate, 1% sucrose, 1% lime; (2) Control ? 10% wheat bran; (3) Control ? 20% wheat bran; (4) Control ? 10% T. molitor feces; (5) Control ? 20% T. molitor feces; (6) Control ? 10% wheat bran ? 10% T. molitor feces. Results Two flushes of fruitbody were harvested, the control substrate resulted in a biological efficiency of 40.42%; the formulae with supplementation of 10% wheat bran, 20% wheat bran and 10% T. molitor feces significantly increased biological efficiency to 52.50, 54.61 and 51.56%, respectively, and supplementation of 20% T. molitor feces, or 10% wheat bran plus 10% feces further significantly increased biological efficiency to 62.95 and 61.10%, respectively. All supplemented substrates had significantly higher cellulose and laccase activity than the Control (cellulase 0.10 U/g; laccase 41.00 U/g), which were 10% wheat bran (0.15 U/g; 72.67 U/g), 10% T. molitor feces (0.17 U/g; 98.33 U/g), 20% wheat bran (0.22 U/g; 76.00 U/g), 20% T. molitor feces (0.27 U/g; 87.00 U/g), 10% wheat bran plus 10% T. molitor feces (0.25 U/g; 97.67 U/g), respectively. Conclusion Spent Pleurotus eryngii substrate was promising for cultivation of Agrocybe chaxingu, especially when supplemented with 20% T. molitor feces, or with 10% T. molitor feces plus 10% wheat bran.

Use of Spent Mushroom Substrate in New Mushroom Crops to Promote the Transition towards A Circular Economy

“…SMS of P. sajor-caju for P. sajor-caju (double cropping with extra organic nitrogen in the form of oil seed cakes) [85], A. blazei (supplemented with urea, rice bran or ammonium sulfate) [82] and Pleurotus citrinopileatus (with sawdust of Mangifera indica and rice bran) [86]. SMS of Pleurotus eryngii for P. ostreatus (with poplar sawdust, beet pulp and cotton seeds) [87], Volvariella volvacea (composted substrate and non-composted substrate supplemented with wheat straw) [88]; mixed with cotton waste [56,57], P. eryngii (double cropping combined with cottonseed hulls, ramie byproduct or ramie root mediums) [89], Agrocybe chaxingu (with wheat bran and Tenebrio molitor feces) [90], and Pleurotus geesteranus (with sawdust, bran, sugar, gypsum and lime at different rates) [91]; mixed with cottonseed shell and corncob [92]. SMS of Pleurotus cornucopiae for P. cornucopiae (double cropping) and P. ostreatus [93].…”

The Utilisation of Pholiota nameko, Hypsizygus marmoreus, and Hericium erinaceus Spent Mushroom Substrates in Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivation

“…The best and most economically viable method for the disposal of SMS is considered to be its re-utilisation in successive mushroom cultivation. Several studies have reported the use of SMS for mushroom re-cultivation [26,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”