Recycling Waste Batteries: Recovery of Valuable Resources or Reutilization as Functional Materials

Liu, Peng

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03495

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Sample CP3, displayed a significantly higher C dl value (2.57 mF/cm 2 ) over CP1 (0.56 mF/cm 2 ) and CP2 (0.77 mF/cm 2 ), and CP4 (0.57 mF/cm 2 ). The larger C dl indicated that CP3 had a significantly increased number of exposed active sites and a higher efficient mass and charge transport capability [51]. Furthermore, as demonstrated in Figure 6e, CP3 had a larger current density at the same scan rate compared to the rest of the samples.…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Performancementioning

confidence: 94%

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Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Arif

Rashid

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Owing to technological advancements and the ever-increasing population, the search for renewable energy resources has increased. One such attempt at finding effective renewable energy is recycling of lithium-ion batteries and using the recycled material as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) step in water splitting reactions. In electrocatalysis, the OER plays a crucial role and several electrocatalysts have been investigated to improve the efficiency of O2 gas evolution. Present research involves the use of citric acid coupled with lemon peel extracts for efficient recovery of lithium cobaltate from waste lithium-ion batteries and subsequent use of the recovered cathode material for OER in water splitting. Optimum recovery was achieved at 90 °C within 3 h of treatment with 1.5 M citric acid and 1.5% extract volume. The consequent electrode materials were calcined at 600, 700 and 800 °C and compared to the untreated waste material calcined at 600 °C for OER activity. The treated material recovered and calcined at 600 °C was the best among all of the samples for OER activity. Its average particle size was estimated to be within the 20–100 nm range and required a low overpotential of 0.55 V vs. RHE for the current density to reach 10 mA cm2 with a Tafel value of 128 mV/dec.

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Section: Electrocatalytic Performancementioning

confidence: 94%

“…When a metal oxide electrode is inserted into an electrolyte, an electrical double layer or space charge layer is formed. For p-type semiconductors, the space charge layer is negligible [51]. So, as a catalyst material, a p-type semiconductor is more suitable.…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Arif

Rashid

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…The “waste to wealth” concept is widely accepted in the recycling of spent LIBs 75,76 . Other than the reutilization in the LIB manufacture, massive interests have been aroused in developing new applications in an economic manner, exploring suitable applications not only for the cathode materials but also for the relatively low value‐contained graphite anode.…”

Section: Development Of Multifarious Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the sustainable recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries

Fan

Chang

Meng

et al. 2021

SusMat

132

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Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are booming in multiple fields due to a rapid development in the last decade. However, limited by operational lifespans, a growing number of spent LIBs reaching the end of their lives are consequently faced with serious accumulation and descended to hazardous waste. Without proper disposal, the spent LIBs will inevitably cause negative influence on the ecology and undermine the sustainable manufacture of LIBs. The initial research of recycling strategies mainly focused on the optimization of metallurgical processes. Recently, the sustainability of the recycling process has attracted much more attention and become an important factor. Here, we summarize the recent progress of the spent LIBs recycling from a sustainable perspective, especially discussing the green innovations in recycling strategies for spent LIBs. Through this article, we expect to reveal the challenges and developing tendency of the recycling strategies and provide a guideline for future researches on processing spent LIBs and beyond, like the recycling of the solid‐state lithium metal batteries.

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“…[1][2][3][4] The rising demand for EV and the low accessibility to raw materials are threatening the LIBs production and urge the instant necessity of recycling to employ the valuable materials. [1,2,[16][17][18]20,22,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] In this review, we discuss first time in detail about the reutilization of spent LIBs materials/recovered materials in various fields including LIB, supercapacitors, oxygen evolution reaction (OER), adsorption, photocatalytic studies, etc. [27,28] In chemical process, researchers mostly prefer hydrometallurgical route for the recycling of spent LIBs attributable to the great advantages such as low energy conditions, minimization of waste water, and higher percentage recovery of metals with high purity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have combined the processes to recover the metals from spent LIBs . Thus far, metal recovery process, technologies being used by various companies, and regulations and legislations regarding spent LIBs have been already reviewed more . In this review, we discuss first time in detail about the reutilization of spent LIBs materials/recovered materials in various fields including LIB, supercapacitors, oxygen evolution reaction (OER), adsorption, photocatalytic studies, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Natarajan

Aravindan

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

226

126

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Where sustainability is concerned, recycling of reutilizable wastes will always occupy the apex of the green chemistry research. Handling electronic wastes in a green manner without affecting the ecology and human health is one of the main challenges for material chemists and gains top priority among other fields of research. At present, handling and recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a key priority. Due to these environmental concerns, massive interest has been triggered in various crystal structures of metal oxides, and different kinds of carbon materials that provide the opportunities to replace the commercial LIBs for energy storage and conversion applications in a cost‐effective manner. Reports are available on the recycling of spent LIBs, but these reports mainly focus on the metal recovery process rather than finding suitable applications for the recovered material. This present work exclusively summarizes the global demand for LIB raw materials, tactics in the resynthesis process along with the wide range of growing applications of spent LIB materials. Finally, the future prospects of applications that utilize spent LIB materials are addressed.

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Recycling Waste Batteries: Recovery of Valuable Resources or Reutilization as Functional Materials

Cited by 60 publications

References 105 publications

Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Progress in the sustainable recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

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