Recycling Wastes in Concrete Production: Performance and Eco-toxicity Assessment

Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Industrial Waste and Construction Materials: Comparison Between Leachates from Granular Steel Slags and Steel Slags-Containing Concrete Through a Plant-Based Approach

“…heavy metals) in monolithic samples (Kogbara et al 2013 ), more leaching fractions (up to 64 days) should be evaluated to better investigate the potential release or accumulation over time of substances with toxic or biostimulation properties. This latter suggestion, also made by Brás et al 2020 , is relevant as leachates from concrete and slag are known to be rich in minerals required for plant growth (e.g. calcium, silica, magnesium).…”

“…The immobilization of SS in concrete produced a clear reduction in toxicity, as observed between SS4 and CSS4 sample treatments in A. cepa seeds. Recently, Brás et al showed that concrete incorporating industrial waste is safer than reference concrete, by measuring the toxicity in terms of duckweed ( Lemna gibba ) fronds growth (Brás et al 2020 ). Moreover, the effects of the two subsequent fractions of leachates (after 6 and 18 h of contact) suggest the release of a non-toxic mixture within the first 24 h of analysis.…”

Assessment of the environmental acceptability of potential artificial reef materials using two ecotoxicity tests: Luminescent bacteria and sea urchin embryogenesis

“…Ecotoxicity is one of the indicators that can show the extent to which living organisms or the entire ecosystem can be affected (Brás et al, 2020;Mariaková et al, 2021). Ecotoxicity tests have the advantage of integrating the effects of all hazardous substances including additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects (EC, 2013).…”

Ecotoxicity of Recycled Aggregates: Application of a Prediction Methodology

“…Brás et al [ 29 ] and Choi et al [ 30 ] claim that the incorporation of toxic raw materials in concrete results in environmental benefits. The first study, by evaluating the toxicity effects in terms of the growth of duckweed fronds, indicates that concrete incorporating fly ashes from a thermoelectric plant and lime sludge from a paper mill is safer than a reference concrete [ 29 ].…”

“…Brás et al [ 29 ] and Choi et al [ 30 ] claim that the incorporation of toxic raw materials in concrete results in environmental benefits. The first study, by evaluating the toxicity effects in terms of the growth of duckweed fronds, indicates that concrete incorporating fly ashes from a thermoelectric plant and lime sludge from a paper mill is safer than a reference concrete [ 29 ]. Likewise, concrete prepared with wastes (e.g., pulverised fuel ash, pozzolanic admixtures, ground granulated blast furnace slag with or without loess) presented lower ecotoxicity than eluates from each corresponding waste, according to Choi et al [ 30 ], who made tests with daphnia magna .…”