Red Algae

Sheath, Robert G.; Vis, Morgan L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385876-4.00005-0

Cited by 86 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The Viridiplantae (the green lineage) split into two monophyletic groups, the Streptophyta, and the Chlorophyta, ~1,200–750 million years ago (Becker and Marin ) and includes green algae, charophytes, and terrestrial plants. Rhodophytes (red algae) are mainly multicellular marine algae but also comprise freshwater and a very few, partially terrestrial species (Sheath and Vis ).…”

Section: Census Of Marine–freshwater and Freshwater–marine Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freshwater species exist in almost all red algal orders (Sheath and Vis ): only one higher taxon of red algae, the subclass Ahnfeltiophycidae with its 11 described species, lacks freshwater representatives (Fig. A).…”

Section: Census Of Marine–freshwater and Freshwater–marine Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only very few microscopic species of red algae have been reported as terrestrial, notably Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) K.M. Drew & R. Ross (Hoffmann ), P. sordium Geitler, and Rufusia pilicola Wujek & Timpano (Sheath and Vis ).…”

Section: Census Of Marine–freshwater and Freshwater–marine Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transitions between marine and freshwater environments provide new clues about the origins of multicellular plants and algae

Dittami

Heesch

Olsen

et al. 2017

Journal of Phycology

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Marine-freshwater and freshwater-marine transitions have been key events in the evolution of life, and most major groups of organisms have independently undergone such events at least once in their history. Here, we first compile an inventory of bidirectional freshwater and marine transitions in multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes. While green and red algae have mastered multiple transitions in both directions, brown algae have colonized freshwater on a maximum of six known occasions, and angiosperms have made the transition to marine environments only two or three times. Next, we review the early evolutionary events leading to the colonization of current habitats. It is commonly assumed that the conquest of land proceeded in a sequence from marine to freshwater habitats. However, recent evidence suggests that early photosynthetic eukaryotes may have arisen in subaerial or freshwater environments and only later colonized marine environments as hypersaline oceans were diluted to the contemporary level. Although this hypothesis remains speculative, it is important to keep these alternative scenarios in mind when interpreting the current habitat distribution of plants and algae. Finally, we discuss the roles of structural and functional adaptations of the cell wall, reactive oxygen species scavengers, osmoregulation, and reproduction. These are central for acclimatization to freshwater or to marine environments. We observe that successful transitions appear to have occurred more frequently in morphologically simple forms and conclude that, in addition to physiological studies of euryhaline species, comparative studies of closely related species fully adapted to one or the other environment are necessary to better understand the adaptive processes.

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Section: Census Of Marine–freshwater and Freshwater–marine Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Census Of Marine–freshwater and Freshwater–marine Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transitions between marine and freshwater environments provide new clues about the origins of multicellular plants and algae

Dittami

Heesch

Olsen

et al. 2017

Journal of Phycology

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“…The red algal genus Chroothece has been reported as a rare component of streams, shallow ponds, trickling water on cliffs and moist soils, mostly in Europe and North America (Eloranta et al, 2011;Sheath & Sherwood, 2011;Sheath & Vis, 2015). Some recent papers have provided more detailed information about its morphology and ecology (Pentecost et al, 2013;Aboal et al, 2014a) and the increasing number of reports suggests it has probably been overlooked in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity ofChroothece(Rhodophyta, Stylonematales) including two new species

Aboal

Chapuis

Paiano

et al. 2018

European Journal of Phycology

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Chroothece has been reported from a range of freshwater environments, including streams, shallow ponds, trickling water on cliffs and moist soils, mostly in Europe and North America. The identification of genera and species by morphology is difficult because of overlaps in critical characters. To help clarify diversity within the genus, samples from Spain and from other regions (UK and Guam, western Pacific) were compared. Ecological and morphological data from field and cultured material were correlated with molecular data (rbcL gene sequences) that differentiate two new species: Chroothece thermalis I. Chapuis, P. Sánchez, M. Aboal & O. Necchi Jr., sp. nov. in a thermal spring and Chroothece lobata M. Aboal, B. A. Whitton, I. Chapuis, P. Sánchez & O. Necchi Jr., sp. nov. in a semi-arid stream. The results suggest recognition of four species, C. thermalis, C. lobata, C. richteriana Hansgirg and C. rupestris Hansgirg, from Spain. Morphology and ecology are useful to help distinguish these species, but the genus needs further study for possible cryptic diversity.

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“…The strictly freshwater order Batrachospermales is widespread, but most taxa inhabit first‐ to third‐order streams (Entwisle et al. , Sheath and Vis ). The distribution and biogeographic patterns in the Batrachospermales are diverse, but there are limited physiological and genetic data for factors that may affect distributions, phenology, and dispersal (Vis ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative expression analysis of light‐harvesting genes in the freshwater alga Lympha mucosa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)

Evans

Vis

2020

Journal of Phycology

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Members of the freshwater red algal order Batrachospermales are often described as shade‐adapted. Nevertheless, recent ecophysiological studies have demonstrated species‐level differences in acclimation to a range of irradiances. Lympha mucosa occurs in open and shaded portions of temperate streams and is abundant during summer months, suggesting it tolerates high and low irradiances. Specimens of L. mucosa were collected from open (sun‐acclimated) or shaded (shade‐acclimated) sites and exposed to low (<20 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1) or high (220 μmol photon · m−2 · s−1) light for 72 h to examine mechanisms of photoacclimation at the transcriptional level. High‐throughput sequence data were used to design specific primers for genes involved with light harvesting and these were quantified with qPCR. The greatest significant difference in transcript abundances was observed in the psaA gene (Photosystem I P700 apoprotein), and site‐type had an effect on these responses. Shade‐acclimated thalli were 22‐fold down‐regulated at high light, whereas sun‐acclimated thalli were only 5‐fold down‐regulated. Another gene involved with Photosystem I (petF ferredoxin) was down‐regulated at high light, but only individuals from the shaded site were significantly different (4‐fold). In thalli from both sites, cpeA (Phycoerythrin alpha chain) was down‐regulated at high light. Although not statistically significant, patterns consistent with previous physiological and transcriptomic studies were uncovered, namely the inverse response of transcriptional activity in genes that encode phycobiliproteins. In support of previous ecophysiological studies of freshwater red algae, these data indicate significant transcriptional changes involving Photosystem I and phycobiliprotein synthesis are required to tolerate and grow at various irradiances.

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Red Algae

Cited by 86 publications

References 111 publications

Transitions between marine and freshwater environments provide new clues about the origins of multicellular plants and algae

Transitions between marine and freshwater environments provide new clues about the origins of multicellular plants and algae

Diversity ofChroothece(Rhodophyta, Stylonematales) including two new species

Relative expression analysis of light‐harvesting genes in the freshwater alga Lympha mucosa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)

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