Red and White Lesions of the Oral Mucosa

Alajbeg, Ivan; Challacombe, S. J.; Holmstrup, Palle; Jontell, Mats

doi:10.1002/9781119597797.ch4

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Considering the suggested role of stress as an etiologic factor in pathogenesis of OLP [27], this study assessed the salivary level of cortisol, and anxiety and depression of patients with erosive and reticular OLP in comparison with healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortisol has a regulatory effect on the immune system, and its high levels can inhibit the activity of the immune system. Since one suggested etiology of OLP is the hyperactivity of Langerhans cells, T-cells, and lymphocytes, and their cytotoxicity against the epithelial cells [27,31], and considering the role of cortisol in decreasing the count of lymphocytes and other immune cells and inhibition of cytotoxicity reactions against the epithelial cells [30], it may be concluded that low salivary level of cortisol may induce autoimmune conditions such as OLP [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative assessment of salivary level of cortisol, anxiety and depression in patients with oral lichen planus

Jafari

Baharvand²,

Jarahzade³

et al. 2023

J Oral Med Oral Surg

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inflammatory condition of oral mucosa and skin. The present study compared salivary cortisol, depression and anxiety levels of patients with erosive and reticular OLP and healthy controls. In this case-control trial, 69 individuals (23 healthy, 23 erosive OLP and 23 reticular OLP patients) were selected. The participants completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and 5 mL of their unstimulated saliva were collected. Salivary cortisol levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The comparison of anxiety and depression scores as well as salivary cortisol levels was done one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test while the paired comparisons were done by Turkey post hoc test. The mean anxiety score in erosive OLP patients was significantly higher than that in the control and reticular OLP groups. The reticular OLP and control groups had no significant difference in this respect. The three groups were not significantly different regarding the depression score or salivary level of cortisol. The correlation between depression and anxiety was significant but salivary level of cortisol had no correlation with anxiety or depression. This study showed that anxiety control may aid in control of erosive OLP, although further investigations are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of salivary level of cortisol, anxiety and depression in patients with oral lichen planus

Jafari

Baharvand²,

Jarahzade³

et al. 2023

J Oral Med Oral Surg

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“…This antigen could be a self-reactive peptide or an exogenous antigen, a certain protein, drug, infectious allergen etc. [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Lichen Planus (Lp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronic inflammatory condition causes damage to the epithelium, deposits of fibrinogen in the basement membrane and finally the destruction of the basal cell layer. The disease has a long evolution, with periods of remission and exacerbations [ 67 , 69 ].…”

Section: Lichen Planus (Lp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Desquamative Gingivitis in the Context of Autoimmune Bullous Dermatoses and Lichen Planus—Challenges in the Diagnosis and Treatment

et al. 2022

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Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a clinical term that describes erythema, desquamation and erosions of the gingiva, of various etiologies. Although the clinical aspect is not specific for a certain disease, an accurate diagnosis of the underlying disorder is necessary because the disease course, prognosis and treatment vary according to the cause. DG may inflict significant oral discomfort, which is why patients typically present to the dentist for a first consultation, rendering it important for these specialists to be informed about this condition. Our paper aims to review the ethiopatogenesis and diagnostic approach of DG, focusing on the most common underlying disorders (autoimmune bullous dermatoses and lichen planus) and on the management of these patients. Potential etiological agents leading to an inflammatory immune response in the oral mucosa and DG appearance include genetic predisposition, metabolic, neuropsychiatric, infectious factors, medication, dental materials, graft-versus-host reaction and autoimmunity. A thorough anamnesis, a careful clinical examination, paraclinical explorations including histopathological exam and direct immunofluorescence are necessary to formulate an appropriate diagnosis. Proper and prompt management of these patients lead to a better prognosis and improved quality of life, and must include management in the dental office with sanitizing the oral cavity, instructing the patient for rigorous oral hygiene, periodic follow-up for bacterial plaque detection and removal, as well as topical and systemic therapy depending on the underlying disorder, based on treatment algorithms. A multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis and follow-up of DG in the context of pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemhigoid or lichen planus is necessary, including consultations with dermatologists, oral medicine specialists and dentists.

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“…The yeasts' penetration of the epithelial cells is facilitated by their production of lipases, and for the yeasts to remain within the epithelium, they must overcome constant desquamation of surface epithelial cells. [ 3 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of fluconazole and clotrimazole in treatment of oral candidiasis

Madane

Choudary

Deepak

et al. 2022

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

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Context: Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection affecting the oral mucosa. Most commonly, the lesions are caused by Candida albicans and other organisms isolated are Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida dubliniensis. As an opportunistic infection, it is seen affecting the young, old and debilitating people. This infection is seen to be enervative, exhausting and crippling; a few routinely employed antifungal agents are used in our study. Aims: We aimed to compare the clinical and mycological effectiveness of topical fluconazole and clotrimazole in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Settings and Design: A total of 40 subjects were taken and randomly divided into two groups of 20 each. Group 1 included patients treated with topical clotrimazole and Group 2 included patients treated with topical fluconazole. Subjects and Methods: Patients were graded according to severity, and swab was taken for species identification and colony count. Patients were treated with clotrimazole and fluconazole according to their group they were also assessed post treatment for clinical signs and colony count changes. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Descriptive statistics was performed to assess the mean and standard deviation of the respective groups. Results: The clinical resolution rate of 80% and 100% was noted in the clotrimazole and fluconazole groups, respectively. The mycological cure rate of 82.52% and 86.38% was noted in the clotrimazole and fluconazole groups, respectively. Statistically significant results were obtained in clinical resolution rates and no significant results were obtained when mycological cure rates were compared. Conclusions: We conclude that the clinical cure rate of fluconazole is slightly better than clotrimazole while mycological cure rate was approximately similar.

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Red and White Lesions of the Oral Mucosa

Cited by 11 publications

References 112 publications

Comparative assessment of salivary level of cortisol, anxiety and depression in patients with oral lichen planus

Comparative assessment of salivary level of cortisol, anxiety and depression in patients with oral lichen planus

Desquamative Gingivitis in the Context of Autoimmune Bullous Dermatoses and Lichen Planus—Challenges in the Diagnosis and Treatment

Comparative evaluation of fluconazole and clotrimazole in treatment of oral candidiasis

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