Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase phenotypes in Iraq

Fa, Hilmi; Na, Al-Allawi; Rassam, Maysoon; Al-Shamma, Ghassan A.; Al‐Hashimi, Ali

doi:10.26719/2002.8.1.42

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The majority of the cases were G6PD deficiency (6.7% of neonates examined), which is common in many Eastern Mediterranean nations, including Iraq (25)(26)(27). The incidence of G6PD deficiency in central and southern Iraq has been the subject of some investigations (28)(29)(30). Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, there were more infants examined in 2021 than there were in 2019 and 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Duhok/Iraq Project of Expanded Newborn Screening

Jameel¹,

Mehe²

2024

Mil. Med. Sci. Lett.

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Background: Newborn screening is a public health prevention system that intends to detect, early in life, a group of serious diseases that require early intervention. Institutionalizing and sustaining this system presents a remarkable challenge in developing public health systems. Duhok project for expanded newborn screening started in June 2018 with a panel of seven diseases including phenylketonuria (PKU), Galactosemia (GAL), congenital hypothyroidism (CHT), Cystic fibrosifcardiacs (CF), Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), G6PD deficiency and biotinidase deficiency. In the next few years, the panel expanded to include, finally, 72 tests, to detect various disorders of amino acids, fatty acid oxidation, organic acid, lysosomal storage disease, immunodeficiency, spinal muscular dystrophy, and others. Objectives: To evaluate the Duhok project of expanded newborn screening. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between June 2018 and 31 November 2021, a total of 3872 newborns were screened from 8 governorates of Iraq and the Kurdistan region. Heel prick dry blood spot samples were obtained from all newborns for biochemical and immunoassay testing. Results: A total of 527 cases were detected, frequently detected disorders were Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, cystic fibrosis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and phenyl ketone urea. Most of the positive cases (66%) were older than 7 days at screening. Conclusion:The article highlights the overview of the expanded newborn screening project in Duhok/Iraq. NBS has not yet become prevalent in Iraq, thus the screening for metabolic disorders is not normally requested until a patient is already experiencing symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Duhok/Iraq Project of Expanded Newborn Screening

Jameel¹,

Mehe²

2024

Mil. Med. Sci. Lett.

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“…Almost a decade later Al-Hamamy and Saeed (1981), reported a higher overall frequency of 12.4% (13) . In the last few years however ,well organized studies reported frequencies of this deficiency in Baghdad (central Iraq), Basrah (southern Iraq) , Sulymania (Northern Iraq) and Arbil (Northern Iraq) (14,15,16) . The study from Baghdad was performed on male blood donors who were resident of the city Baghdad and revealed a frequency of 6.1% (14) ,while that from Basrah performed on premarital couples revealed the highest ever reported figure from the country at 15.3% (15) , the figures from Sulymania and Arbil, regions revealed a prevalence of 6.0% ,8.6% respectively (16) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years however ,well organized studies reported frequencies of this deficiency in Baghdad (central Iraq), Basrah (southern Iraq) , Sulymania (Northern Iraq) and Arbil (Northern Iraq) (14,15,16) . The study from Baghdad was performed on male blood donors who were resident of the city Baghdad and revealed a frequency of 6.1% (14) ,while that from Basrah performed on premarital couples revealed the highest ever reported figure from the country at 15.3% (15) , the figures from Sulymania and Arbil, regions revealed a prevalence of 6.0% ,8.6% respectively (16) . Despite the high frequency of this disorder in Iraq, and the large numbers of cases presenting in acute hemolytic episodes as a result, particularly in the spring (the fava bean season), or as neonatal jaundice , no study has ever focused on to determine the incidence of G6PD deficiency in Ninava governorate, the current study is the first to tackle such an issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey for glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency among premarital attendanceinniava

T. Al-Takay,

A. Kashmola

2023

Tikrit J. Pharm. Sci.

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is considered the most frequent enzyme deficiency world wide, several reports have focused on its prevalence in different regions of Iraq. The current study was initiated to report on the frequency of G6PD deficiency among male attendance to premarital center in Ninava governorate in Northern Iraq. A total of 806 male individuals attending the Public Health Laboratory for routine premarital investigations were screened for G6PD deficiency using methemoglobin reduction test (MRT). The results were confirmed by quantitative enzyme assay for the cases that showed G6PD deficiency. A total (759) out of (806) were MRT negative , and (47) out of (806) were MRT positive with a prevalence of (5.8%).

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“…The presence of a substantial number of the non-Mediterranean variant was unexpected, and perhaps related to the more heterogeneous background of the Iraqi people. With respect to ethnicity, 6% of Arabs, 8.8% of Kurds, and 5.6% of Turkomans were G6PD-deficient [22].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of G6pd Deficiency In Arab Countries: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiology of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Arab Countries: Insights from a Systematic Review

Alangari,

El-Metwally,

Alanazi

et al. 2023

JCM

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common metabolic disorder affecting more than 400 million individuals worldwide. Being an X-linked disorder, the disease is more common among males than females. Various Arab countries estimated the prevalence of G6PD deficiency; however, findings from different countries have not been synthesized collectively. Hence, a systematic review was undertaken to synthesize the findings on the epidemiology of G6PD deficiency in all Arab countries. We performed an electronic systematic literature search based on the eligibility criteria using databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, and CINHAL. The studies included in the review were primary and original research studies assessing the prevalence or incidence, risk factors, or determinants of G6PD deficiency, and published in the English language in a peer-reviewed scientific journal between 2000 and 2022. The systematic review was carried out with the help of an updated PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. After the screening, 23 full texts were finalized for data extraction. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency ranged from 2 to 31% with a greater burden among high-risk populations like neonates with sickle cell anemia. The determinants included males, family history, consanguineous marriages, and geographic regions, which were all risk factors, except for body weight, which was a protective factor. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency varies across Arab countries, with a higher prevalence in males than females. Different regions of Arab countries need to revisit their screening and diagnostic guidelines to detect G6PD deficiency promptly and prevent unnecessary morbidity and mortality among their communities.

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Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase phenotypes in Iraq

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Overview of Duhok/Iraq Project of Expanded Newborn Screening

Overview of Duhok/Iraq Project of Expanded Newborn Screening

Survey for glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency among premarital attendanceinniava

Epidemiology of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Arab Countries: Insights from a Systematic Review

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