Red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) spatial use in the Italian Alps: home range patterns, seasonal migrations, and effects of snow and winter feeding

Luccarini, Siriano; Mauri, Lorenza; Ciuti, Simone; Lamberti, Paolo; Apollonio, Marco

doi:10.1080/08927014.2006.9522718

Cited by 73 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…We report in table 2 the complete list of ecological factors that have been predicted to affect elk mobility (i.e. step length) based on previous studies on ungulates [19,20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and our own predictions (see the electronic supplementary material, table S1 for further details on GIS data). To distinguish migration from other movement behaviours, we used a single measurement, the net-squared displacement (NSD) that measures the straight line distances between the starting location and the subsequent locations for the movement path of a given individual.…”

Section: (A) Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human selection of elk behavioural traits in a landscape of fear

et al. 2012

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Among agents of selection that shape phenotypic traits in animals, humans can cause more rapid changes than many natural factors. Studies have focused on human selection of morphological traits, but little is known about human selection of behavioural traits. By monitoring elk (Cervus elaphus) with satellite telemetry, we tested whether individuals harvested by hunters adopted less favourable behaviours than elk that survived the hunting season. Among 45 2-year-old males, harvested elk showed bolder behaviour, including higher movement rate and increased use of open areas, compared with surviving elk that showed less conspicuous behaviour. Personality clearly drove this pattern, given that inter-individual differences in movement rate were present before the onset of the hunting season. Elk that were harvested further increased their movement rate when the probability of encountering hunters was high (close to roads, flatter terrain, during the weekend), while elk that survived decreased movements and showed avoidance of open areas. Among 77 females (2-19 y.o.), personality traits were less evident and likely confounded by learning because females decreased their movement rate with increasing age. As with males, hunters typically harvested females with bold behavioural traits. Among less-experienced elk (2-9 y.o.), females that moved faster were harvested, while elk that moved slower and avoided open areas survived. Interestingly, movement rate decreased as age increased in those females that survived, but not in those that were eventually harvested. The latter clearly showed lower plasticity and adaptability to the local environment. All females older than 9 y.o. moved more slowly, avoided open areas and survived. Selection on behavioural traits is an important but often-ignored consequence of human exploitation of wild animals. Human hunting could evoke exploitation-induced evolutionary change, which, in turn, might oppose adaptive responses to natural and sexual selection.

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Section: (A) Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human selection of elk behavioural traits in a landscape of fear

et al. 2012

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“…Migratory and stationary Cervus elaphus are known to display periodic movements throughout the year, with migrations towards distant areas located at higher altitudes during the summer (e.g. Luccarini et al, 2006). Such faunal migratory patterns could have influenced seasonal hunter-gatherer mobility (Barker, 1981;Pellegrini et al, 2008) and a return to coastal resource exploitation during colder or intermediary seasons, when larger mammal faunals were more frequent at low altitudes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless temporal and spatial Mesolithic exploitation of coastal resources may have been governed by the seasonal availability of some crucial dietary sources, among which large mammals (Barker, 1981) and involved short-term use of caves. Indeed the spatial behaviour of several large mammals, such as Cervus elaphus, is characterized by seasonal migrations induced by seasonal climatic conditions (Barker, 1981;Luccarini et al, 2006). Migratory and stationary Cervus elaphus are known to display periodic movements throughout the year, with migrations towards distant areas located at higher altitudes during the summer (e.g.…”

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Mesolithic shellfish exploitation in SW Italy: seasonal evidence from the oxygen isotopic composition of Osilinus turbinatus shells

Colonese

Troelstra

Ziveri

et al. 2009

Journal of Archaeological Science

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a b s t r a c tOxygen isotope analyses were carried out on the topshell Osilinus turbinatus from archaeological sites with the aim to investigate the temporal exploitation patterns by Mesolithic groups inhabiting coastal caves in SW Italy. In order to assess the present day O. turbinatus intra-annual d18 O variability, living specimens were collected monthly at Marina di Camerota (SW Italian peninsula). Their shell-edges were analysed and the seasonal results were compared with archaeozoological material. Our findings show that Mesolithic O. turbinatus exploitation was carried out almost exclusively during the colder and intermediary seasons (e.g. autumn, winter, spring), with very sporadic harvesting during the warmer seasons. Results suggest a possible regional exploitation pattern of O. turbinatus by Mesolithic groups inhabiting this region.

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“…Terrestrial herbivores, especially cervids, have been known to migrate to lower altitudes in winter [1,2]. Black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) are semiarboreal colobine monkeys inhabiting subalpine temperate forests in Southwest China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Abundance Is the Main Determinant of High-Altitude Range Use in Snub-Nosed Monkeys

Grueter

Bao-ping

et al. 2012

International Journal of Zoology

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High-altitude dwelling primates have to optimize navigating a space that contains both a vertical and horizontal component. Black-and-white or Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) are extreme by primate standards in inhabiting relatively cold subalpine temperate forests at very high altitudes where large seasonal variation in climate and food availability is expected to profoundly modulate their ranging strategies so as to ensure a positive energy balance. A "semi-nomadic" group of R. bieti was followed for 20 months in the montane Samage Forest, Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, PRC, which consisted of evergreen conifers, oaks, and deciduous broadleaf trees. The aim of this study was to disentangle the effects of climate and phenology on patterns of altitudinal range use. Altitude used by the group ranged from a maximum of 3550 m in July 2007 to a minimum of 3060 m in April 2006. The proportional use of lichen, the monkeys' staple fallback food, in the diet explained more variation in monthly use of altitudes than climatic factors and availability of flush and fruit. The abundance of lichens at high altitudes, the lack of alternative foods in winter, and the need to satisfy the monkey's basal energetic requirements explain the effect of lichenivory on use of altitudes.

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Red deer (Cervus elaphus) spatial use in the Italian Alps: home range patterns, seasonal migrations, and effects of snow and winter feeding

Cited by 73 publications

References 63 publications

Human selection of elk behavioural traits in a landscape of fear

Human selection of elk behavioural traits in a landscape of fear

Mesolithic shellfish exploitation in SW Italy: seasonal evidence from the oxygen isotopic composition of Osilinus turbinatus shells

Food Abundance Is the Main Determinant of High-Altitude Range Use in Snub-Nosed Monkeys

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