Red fluorescence of plaque in the dentition-a comparison of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) images and conventional images of disclosed plaque

Ganß, Carolina; Glanz, A; Glanz, Tabea; Schlueter, Nadine; Ruf, Sabine

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102063

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the present study, these patterns are consistent with the study mentioned above, with the exception of the anterior teeth, which showed only low plaque coverage overall. This was, however, similar to what we found in our earlier study [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Visualization of dental plaque with a 3D-intraoral-scanner—A tool for whole mouth planimetry

Jung

Giese-Kraft²,

Fischer³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Planimetry is a reliable method for detecting and monitoring plaque. Until now, this method has mainly been applied to conventional-camera images, which is difficult and time-consuming in relation to the entire dentition. Today, 3D-intraoral-scans are well suited for imaging the entire dentition and are therefore an efficient and feasible alternative. 3D-intraoral-scans have already proven successful for the quantification of plaque based on a plaque index. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate whether images from 3D-intraoral-scans are also suitable for valid planimetric plaque measurements and monitoring; intraoral-camera images served as a reference. Twenty subjects (27.5±1.2 years) were included. Plaque was disclosed at three different time points: habitual plaque (T1), after 72 h without oral hygiene (T2) and after subsequent tooth brushing (T3) and quantified using 3D-intraoral-scans and intraoral-camera images (intraoral-camera CS 1500, intraoral-scanner CS 3600; Carestream Dental, Germany). The percentage of the plaque-covered surface of the total surface area (P%) was determined with a software specially programmed for this purpose using images from 3D-intraoral-scans of the oral and vestibular surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, and 44); the intraoral-camera images of the vestibular surfaces of 16 and 36 served as reference. P% from images of the 3D-intraoral-scan and the intraoral-camera revealed a very good correlation (r = 0.876; p ≤ 0.001); the Bland-Altmann analysis showed a good agreement with no proportional and a very minor systematic bias with slightly higher values from images of the 3D-intraoral-scan. Further, P% measurements of the images of the 3D-intraoral-scan were able to detect changes in plaque levels, showing a 47% (p ≤ 0.001) increase in P% from T1 to T2 and a 43% (p ≤ 0.001) decrease after toothbrushing (T3). Planimetry using images of the 3D-intraoral-scan seems to be a suitable tool for whole mouth planimetry to record and monitor dental plaque.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Visualization of dental plaque with a 3D-intraoral-scanner—A tool for whole mouth planimetry

Jung

Giese-Kraft²,

Fischer³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…As expected, the amount of plaque increased after 72 hours without oral hygiene and reached a value of 76.9%. Corroborating findings from an earlier study [ 4 ], this increase was greater on the vestibular surfaces than on the oral surfaces and the numerically highest values were found on the upper first molar. Habitual brushing reduced the amount of plaque, but plaque coverage was only slightly lower than at baseline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Respective applications are the detection of plaque on fluorescence images (e.g. [ 4 , 5 ]) or the planimetric evaluation of conventional images [ 3 ]. However, taking images of the entire dentition is very time-consuming and technically demanding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and monitoring dental plaque levels with digital 2D and 3D imaging techniques

et al. 2022

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Detecting and monitoring dental plaque is an important issue in research and clinical practice. In this context, new digital imaging methods that permit permanent documentation of the clinical findings could be promising tools. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate whether disclosed plaque can be reliably visualised on 2D and 3D images captured with digital intraoral imaging devices. Clinical examination was the reference method. Twenty subjects (27.5±1.2 years) were included and plaque was measured at three different stages: habitual plaque (T1), after 72 h without oral hygiene (T2) and after a subsequent habitual brushing exercise (T3). At each time point, plaque was disclosed followed by the clinical examination and capturing the 2D and 3D images (intraoral-camera CS 1500 and intraoral-scanner CS 3600; Carestream Dental, Germany). Plaque amounts were recorded on oral and vestibular surfaces of the Ramfjord-teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, 44) using the Rustogi-modified-Navy-Plaque-Index (RMNPI) and expressed as percentage of plaque-containing RMNPI areas of all RMNPI areas. At T1, percentages (mean±SD) obtained from the clinical examination, 2D and 3D images were 62.2±10.6, 65.1±10.0 and 64.4±10.6 resp. increasing to 76.9±8.0, 77.9±8.6 and 77.5±9.4 resp. at T2. After toothbrushing (T3), values decreased to 56.3±11.1, 58.2±12.1 and 61.2±10.8 resp. All methods were able to show statistically significant changes in plaque amounts at the different time points with in part statistically significant but minor differences between them. The Bland-Altmann analysis revealed a good agreement between values from both 2D and 3D images with the clinical examination. The agreement of the scores obtained with the both image-based methods for the single RMNPI areas with the clinical examination was mainly classified as substantial to almost perfect. Amounts of plaque can be reliably detected and monitored on 2D images from an intraoral camera and on 3D images from an intraoral scanner.

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“…The study area comprised the buccal surfaces of the maxillary premolars and first molar, as this is the area where most plaque growth occurs [ 15 ]. In order to create a uniform set of conditions for all subjects, professional cleaning of the teeth was performed on all subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processing of the images was blinded, performed by the technical investigator (C.G.) as shown in Fig 3 , and was slightly modified as described earlier [ 15 ]. The original images ( Fig 3a ) were imported in an image processing program (Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Classic Version 8.3.1.; Adobe Systems, San Jose, California, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a sonic toothbrush on plaque removal—A video-controlled explorative clinical trial

et al. 2021

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Clinical studies on the efficacy of sonic toothbrushes show inconsistent results, most studies have been conducted without sufficient supervision of appropriate toothbrush usage. Aims of the explorative clinical trial were therefore to investigate whether the usage of an activated sonic toothbrush reduces plaque more effectively than an inactivated one used as a manual toothbrush, and to which extent the correct use of such toothbrush plays a role in its efficacy. The clinical trial was designed as a video-controlled interventional study. Thirty participants (mean (±SD) age 22.9 (±2.5) years) were included, areas of interest were the buccal surfaces of the upper premolars and the first molar (partial mouth recording). Toothbrushing was performed without toothpaste in a single brushing exercise under four different conditions: switched off, habitually used as manual toothbrush, no instruction; switched on, habitually used as powered toothbrush, no instruction; switched off, used as manual toothbrush, instruction in the Modified Bass Technique; switched on, used as powered toothbrush, instruction in a specific technique for sonic toothbrushes. Brushing performance was controlled by videotaping, plaque was assessed at baseline (after 4 days without toothbrushing) using the Rustogi modified Navy-Plaque-Index and planimetry. Main study results were that plaque decreased distinctly after habitual brushing regardless of using the sonic brush in ON or OFF mode (p for all comparisons < 0.001). After instruction, participants were able to use the sonic brush in ON mode as intended, with only minor impact on efficacy. Using the toothbrush in OFF mode with the Modified Bass Technique was significantly less effective than all other conditions (p for all comparisons < 0.001). Under the conditions used, the sonic toothbrush was not more effective when switched on than when switched off, and there was no evidence that the correct use of the toothbrush was more effective than the habitual use.

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Red fluorescence of plaque in the dentition-a comparison of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) images and conventional images of disclosed plaque

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Visualization of dental plaque with a 3D-intraoral-scanner—A tool for whole mouth planimetry

Visualization of dental plaque with a 3D-intraoral-scanner—A tool for whole mouth planimetry

Detecting and monitoring dental plaque levels with digital 2D and 3D imaging techniques

Efficacy of a sonic toothbrush on plaque removal—A video-controlled explorative clinical trial

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