Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review

Jang, Dai-Ja; Lee, Myeong Soo; Shin, Byung‐Cheul; Lee, Young-Cheoul; Ernst, Edzard

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03236.x

Cited by 199 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A recent systematic review provided evidence for the effectiveness of red ginseng in the treatment of ED from six randomized clinical trials. 18 Although there were some limitations in the sample sizes and the methodological qualities of the primary studies, 18 this meta-analysis found a significant effect of the tested herbal medicine (n5349, risk ratio52.40, 95% CI51.65-3.51, P,0.00001, heterogeneity: t 2 50.05, x 2 56.42, P50.27, I 2 522%). Subgroup analyses also showed beneficial effects of red ginseng in psychogenic ED (n5135, risk ratio52.05; 95% CI51.33-3.16, P50.001, heterogeneity: x 2 50.08, P50.96, I 2 50%).…”

Section: Pro-erectile Effects Of Ginseng Berry Ks Cho Et Al 505mentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

Park¹,

Kim²,

Jeon³

et al. 2013

Asian J Androl

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Several reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), and ginsenosides are known to be the principal active ingredients of ginseng. Recent studies showed that ginseng berries produce more ginsenosides than KRG; thus, we investigated the ability of the Korean ginseng berry extract GB0710 to relax the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) in this study. As a comparative control, the results were compared to those obtained using KRG. In addition, possible mechanisms of action for GB0710 were investigated. While KRG and GB0710 both displayed dose-dependent relaxation effects on precontracted rabbit CCSM in vitro, GB0710 was shown to be more potent than KRG. The GB0710-induced relaxation could be partially reduced by removing the endothelium. In addition, pre-treatment with several nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors significantly inhibited the relaxation of muscle strips. Furthermore, administration of GB0710 increased intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in a rat in vivo model in both a dose-and duration-dependent manner. Intracellular NO production in human microvascular endothelial cells could be induced by GB0710 and inhibited by N G -monomethyl-L-arginine. In conclusion, GB0710 had a greater relaxation effect on rabbit CCSM than did KRG extract, and increased ICP in a rat model in both a dose-and a duration-dependent manner. This relaxing effect might be mediated by NO production. Keywords: corpus cavernosum; erectile dysfunction (ED); ginseng berry; nitric oxide (NO); smooth muscle INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to attain or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. ED is a common condition in middle-aged men that has serious adverse effects on quality of life. It has been reported that approximately 50% of men aged 40-80 years suffer from ED to some degree. 1 One of the etiological causes of ED is the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). This causes insufficient relaxation of smooth muscle in the penile corpus cavernosum, leading to a subsequently insufficient inflow of blood. Several extensive studies have investigated the positive effects of ginseng on ED, thereby implicating the NO pathway as the mechanism of action. 2,3 Among these, various reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red gingseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for ED, citing the stimulatory effect of KRG on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) of the penis. [4][5][6] The principal active ingredients of ginseng are ginsenosides (also called ginseng saponins), which are amphiphilic molecules comprised of an aglycon backbone (a hydrophobic four-ring steroid-like structure) linked to hydrophilic carbohydrate side chains that consist of monomers, dimers and tetramers. 5,7 Ginsenoside is widely and variably distributed thoughout the ginseng plant. 8 Kim et al. 9 investigated the ginsenoside content of Korean ginseng, indicating ginseng berries (GB) and ginseng r...

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Section: Pro-erectile Effects Of Ginseng Berry Ks Cho Et Al 505mentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

Park¹,

Kim²,

Jeon³

et al. 2013

Asian J Androl

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“…We used this range when determining the daily dose of TMGE for our study. Many earlier studies applied ginseng or red ginseng treatment for 4-12 weeks [7]. The duration of treatment within the preliminary study conducted by Kim et al [8] was 12 weeks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) is effective in the treatment of male ED and has been used as an alternative medication [4][5][6]. In a review of red ginseng-based treatment of ED, Jang et al [7] reported that randomized clinical studies have suggested therapeutic efficacy for red ginseng, but these studies typically do not have high methodological quality. Well-controlled clinical studies of Korean mountain ginseng have thus far not been performed, except for a preliminary report that claimed an effect of mountain ginseng extract on male ED [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) extract on male patients with erectile dysfunction

Kim¹,

Jeon²,

Hahn³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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Korean ginseng and mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) are important traditional herbal plants whose ginsenosides are generally accepted as serving to improve sexual functions, such as penile erection. We investigated the effects of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng extract (TMGE) on male patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 143 patients experiencing ED. Over the course of 8 weeks, one group took 1 000 mg of TMGE twice a day, and the other group took 1 000 mg of placebo twice a day. The effects of the TMGE and the placebo were analyzed using the Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. A total of 86 patients completed 8 weeks of treatment. The scores on the five domains of the IIEF after medication were significantly higher than the baseline scores in the group treated with TMGE (P < 0.05), whereas no significant improvement was observed in the placebo group (P > 0.05). Erectile function and overall satisfaction scores after medication were significantly higher in the TMGE group than in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Erectile function of patients in the TMGE-treated group significantly improved, suggesting that TMGE could be utilized for improving erectile function in male patients.

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“…[6][7][8] After numerous attempts have been made to assess the effectiveness of ginseng on ED, it has become increasingly evident that ginseng may be an effective agent therapy for ED. [9][10][11][12] The principal molecular ingredients responsible for the actions of ginseng are ginsenosides (also called ginseng saponins), which are amphiphilic molecules comprised of a hydrophobic aglycon backbone (a hydrophobic four-ring steroid-like structure) linked to hydrophilic carbohydrate side chains that consists of monomers, dimmers and tetramers. Ginsenosides were previously shown to influence several ion channels, such as voltage-dependent Ca 2 þ , Na þ channels, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and large-conductance K Ca (BK Ca ) channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ginsenoside on large-conductance KCa channels in human corporal smooth muscle cells

et al. 2011

Int J Impot Res

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Ginseng was known to be an effective natural product that enhances penile erection. However, the precise biological function and mechanisms of action of ginseng with regard to erectile function remain unknown. The principal objective of this study was to identify ginsenoside (principal molecular ingredients of ginseng)-induced activation of large-conductance K Ca channel in human corporal smooth muscle cells, and to determine ginseng's mechanism of action on penile erection. Electrophysiological studies using cultured human corporal smooth muscle cells were conducted. We evaluated the effects of total ginsenosides (TGS) and ginsenoside Rg3 on large-conductance K Ca channel by determining whole-cell currents and single-channel activities. There was an increase in outward current dependent on TGS concentration (at þ 60 mV, 1 lg ml À1; 168.3±59.3%, n ¼ 6, Po0.05, 10 lg ml À1; 173.2±36.8%, n ¼ 4, Po0.05, 50 lg ml À1; 295.3±62.3%, n ¼ 19, Po0.001, 100 lg ml À1 ; and 462.3 ± 97.1%, n ¼ 5, Po0.001) and Rg3 concentration (at þ 60 mV, 1 lM (0.78 lg ml À1 ); 222.8 ± 64.8%, n ¼ 11, Po0.0001, 10 lM; 672.6 ± 137.1%, n ¼ 10, Po0.0001, 50 lM; and 1713.3±234.7%, n ¼ 15, Po0.001) in the solution that was blocked completely by tetraethylammonium (TEA). Channel opening in cell-attached mode and channel activity in the inside-out membrane patches was also increased significantly by 50 lg of TGS or 10 lM of Rg3. The results of this study suggested that the activation of large-conductance K Ca channels by ginsenoside could be one mechanism of ginsenoside-induced relaxation in corporal smooth muscle.

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Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review

Cited by 199 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

Effects of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) extract on male patients with erectile dysfunction

Effects of ginsenoside on large-conductance KCa channels in human corporal smooth muscle cells

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