Red Ginseng Saponin Fraction A Isolated from Korean Red Ginseng by Ultrafiltration on the Porcine Coronary Artery

Abstract

Red ginseng saponin fraction-A (RGSF-A) contains a high percentage of panaxadiol saponins that were isolated from Korean red ginseng by ultrafiltration. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of RGSF-A on the porcine distal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The relaxant responses to RGSF-A were examined during contractions induced by 100 nM U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9a,11a-methanoepoxy-prostaglandin F2a), a stable analogue of thromboxane A2. RGSF-A dose-dependently induced biphasic (fast- and slow-) relaxation in the distal LAD coronary artery in the presence of an intact endothelium. The fast-relaxation was quickly achieved in a minute, and then the slow-relaxation was slowly developed and sustained for more than thirty minutes after the administration of RGSF-A. The slow-relaxation had a tendency to be bigger than the fast-relaxation. Fast relaxation induced by RGSF-A was almost blocked by Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. However slow-relaxation induced by RGSF-A was only partially inhibited by L-NAME and ODQ. In the endothelium-removed ring, RGSF-A evoked only slow-relaxation to a certain extent. These data suggest that RGSF-A induced both endothelium dependent fast- and slow-relaxation and endothelium independent slow-relaxation in the porcine distal LAD coronary artery. The endothelium dependent fast-relaxation is mediated by the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway, and the endothelium dependent slow-relaxation is at least partially mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway. However, the endothelium-independent slow-relaxation remains to be elucidated.

Intracellular Trafficking Modulation by Ginsenoside Rg3 Inhibits Brucella abortus Uptake and Intracellular Survival within RAW 264.7 Cells

“…RGSF-A contains a high percentage of panaxadiol saponins, and Rg3 is one of the characteristic panaxadiol saponin constituents of RGSF-A [18]. Therefore, to gain more insight into the inhibitory effects of RGSF-A on Brucella infection, we hypothesized that the Rg3 component of RGSF-A possesses the ability to control Brucella infection.…”

Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction modulates radiation effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells

“…RGSF extraction was performed as described previously [12,13] . Korean red ginseng was extracted with ethanol and the extract was air dried at 60°C for 2 d. The powder was then subjected to aqueous extraction three times at 95–100°C.…”

8-(Tosylamino)quinoline inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation by suppressing NF-κB signaling

“…NO, PGE 2 , and TNF-α production After the preincubation of RAW264.7 cells or peritoneal macrophages (1×10 6 cells/mL) for 18 h, the cells were pre-treated with test compounds 1 through 7 for 30 min and were then incubated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for 24 h. The inhibitory effects of the test compounds on NO, PGE 2 , and TNF-α production were determined by analyzing the NO, PGE 2 , and TNF-α levels with the Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, as described previously [16][17][18] .…”