Red Mud as a Catalyst for the Upgrading of Hemp-Seed Pyrolysis Bio-oil

Karimi, Elham; Briens, Cédric; Berruti, Franco; Moloodi, Sina; Tzanetakis, Tommy; Thomson, Murray J.; Schlaf, Marcel

doi:10.1021/ef101154d

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…15 A flame ionization detector (FID) was used. GC−mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was performed on a Varian Saturn 2000 system running in default electron ionization mode (4 V axial bias and 1400 V multiplier) according to the method described by Karimi et al 17 Samples were injected into the GC−MS system via split injection at 1:10. The injection volume was 1 μL.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids, Tocopherols, and Carotenoids in Leaves of Amaranth and Quinoa Cultivars and a New Approach to Overall Evaluation of Nutritional Quality Traits

Tang

Chen

et al. 2014

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Composition of lipophilic phytochemicals including fatty acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids in leaves of 6 quinoa and 14 amaranth cultivars was analyzed. The oil yields in quinoa and amaranth leaves were only 2.72-4.18%, which contained mainly essential fatty acids and had a highly favorable ω-3/ω-6 ratio (2.28-3.89). Pro-vitamin A carotenoids, mainly α- and β-carotenes, and xanthophylls, predominantly lutein and violaxanthin, were found in all samples. The primary tocopherol isomers present in both quinoa and amaranth leaves were α- and β-tocopherols. Added to the discussion on the lipophilic nutrients was the normalization of ω-3/ω-6 ratio, α-tocopherol equivalents, and carotenoids, in an attempt to establish a novel system for evaluation of the overall quality attributes of lipophilic nutrients (NQ value). The NQ value, but not the individual components, was highly correlated with all the antioxidant activities, supporting the ranking order of the potential nutritional quality of quinoa and amaranth leaves based on this new method.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids, Tocopherols, and Carotenoids in Leaves of Amaranth and Quinoa Cultivars and a New Approach to Overall Evaluation of Nutritional Quality Traits

Tang

Chen

et al. 2014

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Catalytic applications of red mud have been extensively reviewed by [16]. This material has been investigated by several researchers for catalytic applications such as hydrodechlorination [17], hydrogenation of anthracene [18,19], pyrolysis of waste plastics and waste oils [20,21], hydrogenation and liquefaction of rye straw [22], upgrading of hemp-seed pyrolysis oils [23], and acetic acid [24]. In most of these applications red mud was activated through acid treatment and other modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic Conversion of Olive Mill Wastewater Sludge to Biofuels Using Red Mud as Catalyst

Agblevor¹,

Abdellaoui²,

Halouani³

et al. 2017

IJEPE

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Abstract:Olive mill wastewater sludge (OMWS) is an environmental pollutant in olive oil industry. The problem stems from the strong odor and poor biodegradability of OMWS because of its high phenolic compounds. In most Mediterranean countries, olive mill wastewater is stored in evaporation ponds and the residual sludge is landfilled for disposal. To address this environmental pollution problem, fluidized bed catalytic pyrolysis of OMWS was developed to produce pyrolysis liquids that are stable, low viscosity (5-7 cP), neutral pH (6-7), and high higher heating value (41 MJ/kg). The pyrolysis was conducted at 400-500°C in a red mud catalyst bed. The yields of the organic fraction were 29-35 mass%; char/coke yield was 20-29 mass%; and gas yield was 24-37 mass%. The 13 C NMR and GC/MS analyses of the liquid products showed predominance of aliphatic hydrocarbons and small fractions of aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones. The composition of these liquid products is in sharp contrast with most lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis products which are normally rich in aromatic compounds and have very low aliphatic product content. In the absence of the red mud catalyst, the liquid product was viscous and contained acidic compounds.

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“…Thus, red mud may be used as an inexpensive catalyst to remove corrosive acids and upgrade pyrolysis vapor. In the process, highly alkaline red mud is itself reduced to a magnetic, non-alkaline iron ore resource [27,30].…”

Section: Non-condensable Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five of the catalysts consisted of HZSM-5 with different silica:alumina ratios (SAR,23,30,55, 80 and 280). The other five catalysts were sulfated zirconia (SO4 2− ZrO 2 ), 20% SO4 2− ZrO 2 dispersed on a mesoporous MCM-41 silica support, Al-MSU-S alumnosilicate exhibiting a foam-like mesopore structure, Al-MSU-S aluminosilicate exhibiting wormhole mesopores, and a bauxite waste product known as red mud.…”

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confidence: 99%