Red Mud Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pinyon Juniper and Single-Stage Hydrotreatment of Oils

Abstract

Feed flow rate is delivered volumetrically at a constant flow rate based on the liquid hourly space velocity (L of bio-oil feed/L of catalyst/hour). By adjusting for density and temperature, a known mass flow rate of feed is known. Free water content of the feed is also needed for determining the dry bio-oil weight for a dry-basis measurement throughout the paper. Each 12-13h sample were then separated into an organic phase and an aqueous phase, and the organic phase was then weighted to capture overall organic yield (g of dry oil/ g of dry bio-oil feed). For gas products, overall yield (g of gas products/g of dry bio-oil feed) was determined by measuring exit gas flow rate of the process at standard condition (STP) to determine moles of gas being produced. Gas composition was then determined using the GC-TCD (Gas chromatography-thermal conductor detector, Inficon 3000 Micro-GC). Overall gas product weight is the sum total of individual concentration of gas product multiplied by the moles of exiting gas and multiplied with molecular weight of each gas product. Hydrogen consumption was the difference between mass of pure hydrogen gas in and mass of hydrogen in the mixed gas effluent. Hydrogen mass was determined by the same method as for other gas products by using the GC-TCD.

Hydrodeoxygenation of pinyon-juniper catalytic pyrolysis oil using red mud-supported nickel catalysts

“…Hydrogen consumption increased from 0.021 mol/(g bio-oil) to 0.053 mol/(g bio-oil) when Ni loading increased from 10% to 40% (Table 1). As a critical scale-up parameter, the hydrogen consumption at Ni loading of 40% was slightly higher than the value reported by Agblevor et al using sulfided cobalt/molybdenum oxide supported on zirconia [71].…”

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

“…Upgrading. The hydroprocessing experiments were undertaken in the bench-scale hydroprocessing system described in detail elsewhere (Agblevor et al, 2016). The system included a 30 mL tubular fixed-bed catalytic reactor along with required feeding and product recovery components.…”

Major Advances and Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Environmental Applications: A Review

“…Applications of transition metal sulphide catalysts for deoxygenation processes were shown and related to the performances of noble metal and metal carbide, nitride, and phosphide catalysts. Agblevor et al [199] tested red mud as a catalyst to substitute zeolites in a fluidized-bed reactor to pyrolyze biomass to make crude oil. The team processed the bio crude oil using a traditional catalytic hydrotreating process to make a gasoline-type fuel and tested it on a lawn mower, among other things.…”