Red Quinoa Bran Extract Prevented Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Increasing Antioxidative System and Repressing Fatty Acid Synthesis Factors in Mice Fed Alcohol Liquid Diet

Abstract

Alcohol is metabolized in liver. Chronic alcohol abuse results in alcohol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Red quinoa (Chenopodium formosanum) was a traditional staple food for Taiwanese aborigines. Red quinoa bran (RQB) included strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory polyphenolic compounds, but it was usually regarded as the agricultural waste. Therefore, this study is to investigate the effect of water and ethanol extraction products of RQB on the prevention of liquid alcoholic diet-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mice were given whole grain powder of red quinoa (RQ-P), RQB ethanol extract (RQB-E), RQB water extract (RQB-W), and rutin orally for 6 weeks, respectively. The results indicated that RQB-E, RQB-W, and rutin decreased alcoholic diet-induced activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and hepatic triglyceride. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissues showed that RQB-E and RQB-W reduced lipid droplet accumulation and liver injury. However, ethanol extraction process can gain high rutin and antioxidative agents contents from red quinoa, that showed strong effects in preventing alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver injury via increasing superoxide dismutase/catalase antioxidative system and repressing the expressions of fatty acid synthesis enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Nutraceutical Potential of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) Hull: Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Liver Protection

“…Furthermore, a 50% ethanolic extract of Djulis could increase SOD and CAT antioxidant enzyme activities and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α levels in chronic liver injury and fibrosis models in BALB/c mice [ 20 ]. The 50% ethanolic extract of Djulis could decrease liver TG and glycerol levels, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and increase GPx and CAT activity in an alcohol-induced fatty liver in C57BL/6J mice [ 37 ]. The methanolic extract of Djulis hulls could reduce perirenal white adipose tissue (pWAT), decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α protein expression, and enhance GPx and CAT activities in non-alcoholic fatty liver and hyperglycaemia models [ 23 , 38 ].…”

Proteomics and network pharmacology of Ganshu Nuodan capsules in the prevention of alcoholic liver disease

“…During the oxidative metabolism of alcohol, a large amount of free radicals will be produced. The accumulation and diffusion of these free radicals will cause oxidative stress, which will damage the structure and function of cells ( 16 ). While oxidative stress is considered as a potential mechanism of ALD, it is caused by an imbalance between ROS and antioxidant capacity ( 17 ).…”

Green Alternatives in Treatment of Liver Diseases: the Challenges of Traditional Medicine and Green Nanomedicine

“…A large number of natural products with hepatoprotective activity have been reported; for example, for the treatment of ALD, individual plant extracts, [12][13][14] combinations of extracts, [15][16][17] and isolated compounds [18,19] have been tested, and have shown a favorable result (Figure 1). In particular, several molecules isolated from plants have also demonstrated their biological potential against different human conditions; however, certain studies have verified its natural origin does not exclude limitations or the possibility of inducing side effects in humans (Figure 1).…”