Red Sea mining: A new era

Nawab, Zohair A.

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(84)90041-4

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The oceanic crust of the Red Sea that has been extensively studied appears to be continuous in the southern deeps of the sea, between 16°and 20°N, and discontinuous to the North. In fact, only several insolated deeps have a typical basaltic floor (Bonatti, 1985;Le Quentrec and Sichler, 1991), as metal-rich sediments associated with hot brines were observed in most depressions (Miller et al, 1966;Degens and Ross, 1969;Bäcker and Schoell, 1972;Schoell and Hartmann, 1973;Bäcker and Richter, 1973;Deleveaux and Doe, 1974;Pottorf and Barnes, 1983;Nawab, 1984;Mustafa et al, 1984;Baumann, 1994;Anschutz and Blanc, 1995a,b), suggesting an abundant and almost permanent hydrothermal activity. Among the different depressions, Atlantis II is generally considered to be the reference location for the warmest and saltiest brines, as well as for the most metal-rich sediments (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Formation of Thetis Deep metal-rich sediments in the absence of brines, Red Sea

Pierret¹,

Clauer²,

Bosch³

et al. 2010

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Formation of Thetis Deep metal-rich sediments in the absence of brines, Red Sea

Pierret¹,

Clauer²,

Bosch³

et al. 2010

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…Seine grbi~te Tiefe liegt bei 2605 m, nach Wong & Degens (1980) bei 2920 m, und nach Nawab (1984) bei 2850 m. Es ist ein trogartiger Graben mit einem medianen Spaltenbruch (Rift), der sich durch Auseinanderweichen der pr~kambrischen afrikanischen und arabischen Platten st~ndig verbreitert. Seine grbi~te Tiefe liegt bei 2605 m, nach Wong & Degens (1980) bei 2920 m, und nach Nawab (1984) bei 2850 m. Es ist ein trogartiger Graben mit einem medianen Spaltenbruch (Rift), der sich durch Auseinanderweichen der pr~kambrischen afrikanischen und arabischen Platten st~ndig verbreitert.…”

Section: Untersuchungsregion Und Naturverh~ltnisseunclassified

Quantitative Analyse von Korallengemeinschaften des Sanganeb-Atolls (mittleres Rotes Meer). I. Die Besiedlungsstruktur hydrodynamisch unterschiedlich exponierter Außen- und Innenriffe

Mergner

Schuhmacher

1985

Helgolander Meeresunters

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Quantitative analysis of coral communities of Sanganeb-Atoll {central Red Sea). I.The community structure of outer and inner reefs exposed to different hydrodynamic regimes. The Sanganeb-Atoll off Port Sudan is an elongate annular reef which rests on a probably raised block in the fracture zone along the Red Sea-graben. Its gross morphology was most likely formed by subaerial erosion during low sealevel conditions. Features of its topography and hydrography are described. The prevailing wind waves are from NE. Hence, the outer and inner reef slopes are exposed to different hydrodynamic conditions. The sessile benthos was analysed using the quadrat method. Four test quadrats (5 × 5 m each) were selected on the outer and inner slopes at a depth of 10 m along a SSW-NNE transect across the atoll. Cnidaria were by far the most dominating group; coralline algae, Porifera, Bryozoa and Ascidia, however, counted for just under 3 % living cover. Light and temperature intensities did not differ significantly at the sites studied; water movement, however, decreased in the following order: TQ IV (outer NE side of the reef ring) was exposed to strong swell and surf; TQ II (inner side of the SW-ring) was met by a strong longreef current; TQ I was situated on the outer lee of the SW-atoll ring and TQ III in the inner lee of the NE-side. This hydrodynamic gradient correlates with the composition of the coral communities from predominantly branching Scleractinia (staghorn-like and other Acropora species and Pocillopora) in TQ IV, through a Lobophyttia, Porites and Xenia-dominated community in TQ II, and a mixed community with an increasing percentage of xeniid and alcyoniid soft corals in TQ I, to a community in TQ III which is dominated by the soft corals Sinularia and Dendronephthya. The cnidarian cover ranged between 42.4 and 56.6 % whereby the two exposed test quadrats had a higher living coverage than the protected ones. In total, 2649 colonies comprising 124 species of stony, soft and hydrocorals were recorded by an elaborate method of accurate in-situ mapping. The 90 scleractinian species found include 3 species new to the Red Sea and 11 hitherto unknown species from its central part. Only 7 cnidarian species covered large areas, forming a Xenia macrospiculata-zone in TC) I, a Lobophyllia corymbosa-zone in TQ II, a Sinularia-Dendronephthya-zone in TQ III and an Acropora-Pocillopora verrucosa-zone in TQ IV, Hydrodynamic exposition and ratio of genus abundance Acropora :Montipora are closely correlated: on the windward side (TQ IV) it is 943:4, but on the leeward side (TQ I) 18 : 208. Apart from the taxonomic and quantitative distribution of species and colonies, types of growth form and categories of the dead substrate are given. Since soft corals do not contribute to the reef framework, the distribution of Scleractinia and Alcyonaria indicates that at Sanganeb-Atoll reef substance is mainly generated on the windward side.

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“…6) The Atlantis Deep is the site of what will probably be the first offshore mining development on metalliferous muds. A pre-pilot mining test was completed in 1979 (Nawab 1984;Gideiri 1984). The unconsolidated muds (l9,550t)werepumped up from a depth of 2,200 m, processed through a shipboard concentrator mill and tailings discharged through a pipeline at 400 m depth (Fletcher and Mustafa 1980).…”

Section: Minementioning

confidence: 99%

Case Histories of Coastal and Marine Mines

Ellis

1988

Chemistry and Biology of Solid Waste

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Red Sea mining: A new era

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Formation of Thetis Deep metal-rich sediments in the absence of brines, Red Sea

Formation of Thetis Deep metal-rich sediments in the absence of brines, Red Sea

Quantitative Analyse von Korallengemeinschaften des Sanganeb-Atolls (mittleres Rotes Meer). I. Die Besiedlungsstruktur hydrodynamisch unterschiedlich exponierter Außen- und Innenriffe

Case Histories of Coastal and Marine Mines

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