Redbay Survival Eleven Years after Infection with an Exotic Disease on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, USA

Smith, Cambray; Landreaux, Elise; Steinmann, Hali; McGrath, Deborah A.; Hayes, Christa; Hayes, Royce H.

doi:10.5539/enrr.v6n1p27

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Since the introduction of X. glabratus two decades ago, the impact of laurel wilt disease has risen to epidemic proportions in the USA, affecting both forest and agricultural ecosystems. Coastal populations of redbay and swamp bay have experienced devastating losses, with greater than 90% mortality reported in some areas (Fraedrich et al, 2008; Goldberg & Heine, 2009; Shields et al, 2011; Smith et al, 2015; Spiegel & Leege, 2013). An estimated 300 million redbay trees have been killed in the USA (Hughes et al, 2017), and ~ 80% of infected sassafras trees have succumbed in Georgia (Cameron et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of Hass avocado and Mexican Lauraceae for attack by redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Kendra

Guillén

Tabanca

et al. 2023

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1. The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vectors the mycopathogen that causes laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the Lauraceae. Since being detected in Georgia, USA in 2002, this invasive pest has become established in 11 additional states.2. With continued spread, X. glabratus will likely enter Mexico. In advance of this event, this study was initiated to assess the risk posed to eight native laurels and Hass avocados, the predominant cultivar grown in Mexico.3. Wood bolts from each species were used in (a) field tests to determine the relative attraction of female X. glabratus, (b) laboratory bioassays to evaluate boring preferences, and (c) GC-MS analyses to identify host kairomones. For comparison, tests included control bolt treatments consisting of silkbay (an attractive U.S. laurel) and Simmonds avocado (a Florida cultivar susceptible to laurel wilt). 4. Hass avocado and two native laurels (Persea schiedeana and Ocotea heribertoi vel aff.) were highly attractive to females and elicited strong boring responses. These species were high in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, including α-copaene and α-cubebene.5. Results of this study suggest that X. glabratus could become a serious agricultural and forest pest upon incursion into Mexico, with severe economic and ecological impacts.Resumen 1. El escarabajo ambrosía del laurel rojo, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), es vector del micopat ogeno que causa la marchitez del laurel, una enfermedad vascular letal de árboles de la familia Lauraceae. Desde que se

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of Hass avocado and Mexican Lauraceae for attack by redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Kendra

Guillén

Tabanca

et al. 2023

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Elevation at the study site ranged from 0 to 30 m above sea level. Average annual rainfall is 110 cm, with nearly half falling during June-September, but annual rainfall was ≥20 cm below average during 4 years of the study period (Smith et al 2016). Summer (Jun-Aug) high temperatures averaged 32.2°C, with overnight winter (Nov-Feb) lows averaging 7.2°C.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

Survival of Immature Gopher Tortoises Recruited into a Translocated Population

et al. 2020

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Population manipulations such as translocation and head-starting are increasingly used as recovery tools for chelonians. But evaluating success of individual projects can require decades of monitoring to detect population trends in these long-lived species. Furthermore, there are often few benchmarks from stable, unmanipulated populations against which to compare demographic rates, particularly for the immature stages. We used 8 years of mark-recapture data to estimate apparent survival of immature gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) recruited into an introduced population of gopher tortoises first established on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, USA, in 1987. During 2006-2013, we conducted targeted trapping of immature gopher tortoises and compared survival of the hatchling, juvenile and subadult stages among treatments: individuals released shortly after hatching from eggs obtained from gravid female founders (direct releases), individuals reared in captivity for 6-9 months following hatching (head-starts), and individuals first encountered as free-ranging, wild-recruited offspring (wild recruits). Among the candidate models we examined, the best fit model included additive effects of tortoise stage and treatment; however, overlapping 95% credible intervals among treatments (CrI) suggested that survival did not vary significantly among treatments. Annual apparent survival increased over the immature period, highlighting the importance of calculating separate estimates for the different immature stages. Across all treatments, the additive model estimated annual apparent survival probability to be 0.37 (CrI = 0.25-0.48) for hatchlings, 0.71 (CrI = 0.61-0.81) for juveniles, and 0.83 (CrI = 0.74-0.94) for subadults. Our study, in combination with previous monitoring efforts at St. Catherines Island, provides strong evidence that the translocation and subsequent population augmentation efforts have been successful in establishing a robust population of gopher tortoises. Additionally, our results provide estimates of demographic rates for life stages that are poorly understood but critical to understanding population dynamics of this imperiled species.

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“…Laurel wilt has spread rapidly throughout the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and, as of October 2022, had been detected in 12 US states [36]. To date, laurel wilt is estimated to have killed 300,000 redbay trees [37] and 200,000 avocado trees in Miami-Dade county, Florida [21,[38][39][40][41][42], and is responsible for more than 90 percent of the mortality among susceptible trees in some forested areas of the USA [9,[43][44][45][46]. The rapid and widespread movement of laurel wilt does not correlate with X. glabratus captures or detection in agrosystems affected by laurel wilt [47][48][49][50], suggesting that native ambrosia beetle species have acquired the fungal symbiont via lateral transfer from X. glabratus or host trees infected with H. lauricola [51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Repellent for Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Primary Vector of the Mycopathogen That Causes Laurel Wilt

Cloonan¹,

Montgomery²,

Narvaez³

et al. 2023

Plants

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The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, was detected in Georgia, USA, in 2002 and has since spread to 12 additional states. This wood-boring weevil carries a symbiotic fungus, Harringtonia lauricola, that causes laurel wilt, a lethal disease of trees in the Lauraceae family. Native ambrosia beetles that breed in infected trees can acquire H. lauricola and contribute to the spread of laurel wilt. Since 2002, laurel wilt has devastated native Persea species in coastal forests and has killed an estimated 200,000 avocado trees in Florida. Since laurel wilt is difficult to manage once it has entered a susceptible agrosystem, this study evaluated piperitone as a candidate repellent to deter attacks by X. glabratus and other ambrosia beetles. Additionally, piperitone was compared to the known repellent verbenone as a potential cost-effective alternative. The repellent efficacy was determined by comparing captures in traps baited with commercial beetle lures containing α-copaene versus captures in traps baited with lures in addition to a repellent. In parallel 10-week field tests, the addition of piperitone reduced the captures of X. glabratus in α-copaene-baited traps by 90%; however, there was no significant reduction in the captures of native ambrosia beetles in ethanol-baited traps. In two replicate 10-week comparative tests, piperitone and verbenone both reduced X. glabratus captures by 68–90%, with longevity over the full 10 weeks. This study identifies piperitone as a new X. glabratus repellent with potential for pest management.

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Redbay Survival Eleven Years after Infection with an Exotic Disease on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, USA

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Risk assessment of Hass avocado and Mexican Lauraceae for attack by redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Risk assessment of Hass avocado and Mexican Lauraceae for attack by redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Survival of Immature Gopher Tortoises Recruited into a Translocated Population

A New Repellent for Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Primary Vector of the Mycopathogen That Causes Laurel Wilt

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