REDD Policy Impacts on Indigenous Property Rights Regimes on Palawan Island, the Philippines

Dressler, Wolfram; McDermott, Melanie; Smith, Will; Pulhin, Juan M.

doi:10.1007/s10745-012-9527-y

Cited by 51 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Once separated from the forest commons typically in the uplands, the rise in individualised tenure renders former swidden lands alienable to others through formal or informal market transactions. In contrast, in cases where swidden fallows regrow into mature forest (as usufruct rights attenuate over time and space), fewer access restrictions prevail (Dressler et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of swidden decline on livelihoods and ecosystem services in Southeast Asia: A review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015

Dressler

Wilson

Clendenning

et al. 2016

Ambio

122

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Global economic change and policy interventions are driving transitions from long-fallow swidden (LFS) systems to alternative land uses in Southeast Asia’s uplands. This study presents a systematic review of how these transitions impact upon livelihoods and ecosystem services in the region. Over 17 000 studies published between 1950 and 2015 were narrowed, based on relevance and quality, to 93 studies for further analysis. Our analysis of land-use transitions from swidden to intensified cropping systems showed several outcomes: more households had increased overall income, but these benefits came at significant cost such as reductions of customary practice, socio-economic wellbeing, livelihood options, and staple yields. Examining the effects of transitions on soil properties revealed negative impacts on soil organic carbon, cation-exchange capacity, and aboveground carbon. Taken together, the proximate and underlying drivers of the transitions from LFS to alternative land uses, especially intensified perennial and annual cash cropping, led to significant declines in pre-existing livelihood security and the ecosystem services supporting this security. Our results suggest that policies imposing land-use transitions on upland farmers so as to improve livelihoods and environments have been misguided; in the context of varied land uses, swidden agriculture can support livelihoods and ecosystem services that will help buffer the impacts of climate change in Southeast Asia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0836-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of swidden decline on livelihoods and ecosystem services in Southeast Asia: A review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015

Dressler

Wilson

Clendenning

et al. 2016

Ambio

122

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“…In such situations, the underlying rationale of large‐scale land investments based on centralization of control and commoditization of markets for land rights remains fundamentally at odds with what Dressler et al. (: 689) have termed ‘the messy reality of upland living’ in the Philippines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…International finance institutions such as the World Bank led large‐scale programmes for collective land titling of indigenous lands during the 1980s and 1990s, and the Philippines also saw the advent of the 1997 Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA). Yet, bureaucratic methods of claiming titles or use rights under IPRA have often functioned as means of further cementing state and elite control over resources (Dressler et al., ; Novellino and Dressler, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Wrongs be Righted? Prospects for Remedy in the Philippine Oil Palm Agro‐industry

Larsen¹,

Dimaano²,

Pido³

2018

Development and Change

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State-based and corporate remedies are increasingly offered as solutions to intractable issues provoked by land-based investments, such as the oil palm agro-industry. This article critiques this shift towards procedural governance fixes, drawing on theories of the legitimizing function of corporate responsibility and mechanisms of elite capture in agrarian states. The authors contrast the ambition of remedy with local reality in one controversial oil palm project in Palawan Province, the Philippines, showing that it was operated by companies, banks, agencies and politicians who either lacked the capacity to rein in the project once it became evident that it was causing harm to farmers, or showed no interest in doing so. As one of the first detailed examinations of the growing oil palm sector in the Philippines, the study adds to understandings of the shifting nature of elite capture through transnational agro-industry. It also shows that the remedies discourse remains rooted in colonial doctrines and neoliberal constructs and thus tends to deflect attention away from more appropriate harm prevention strategies. The authors argue that functional remedies will only arise once states and companies confront competing land and resource claims and relinquish more control over new procedures to local and indigenous communities.Development and Change 50(5):

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“…Critical studies have shown that large-scale investments in reforestation increase the risk of creating new claims on forested landscapes that may potentially overlap with existing claims, thus creating or exacerbating existing conflicts over land use rights and resource access (Sikor & Lund 2009;Dressler et al 2012). It may lead to enhanced state or corporate control over 'degraded' forests, and increase state forestry bureaucracy or corruption (Barr & Sayer 2012).…”

Section: Forest Landscape Restoration: a Myriad Of Local Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Landscape Restoration: Who Decides? A Governance Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration

Oosten¹

2013

NatCon

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Forest landscape restoration is currently gaining momentum as a means of jointly addressing climate change and future agricultural demands. Forest landscape restoration does not aim to 'just' restore forests, but to restore them from a broader perspective on the landscape as a whole, allowing simultaneous restoration of the ecological and productive functions of forests. There are many ways in which forested landscapes can be restored, depending on the biophysical characteristics of the landscapes, but also, and even more so on the interests of a landscape's stakeholders, and the way in which they negotiate, and make landscape decisions. This complex process of decision making between stakeholders operating at various levels and scales is usually referred to as landscape governance. Landscape governance often does not tally with the political-administrative structures of states, because landscapes are usually not incorporated as a formal layer in the political and administrative structures of states.Instead, landscape governance is captured in a messy web of multi-actor networks, institutions and institutional arrangements, (in)formally constructed across levels and scales, more or less embedded in locally existing livelihood strategies and socially embedded institutional frames. Global initiatives on forest landscape restoration are therefore not to be institutionalized along structures of formal (de)centralized structures of states, but 'bricoled' though informal networks, multi-stakeholder coalitions, or public-private partnerships engaged in processes of landscape learning, where stakeholders learn to create and share institutional space. In this way, forest landscape restoration can become a catalyst for institutional change, transforming governance into a process of place-bound negotiation and decision making, to collectively make place.

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REDD Policy Impacts on Indigenous Property Rights Regimes on Palawan Island, the Philippines

Cited by 51 publications

References 34 publications

The impact of swidden decline on livelihoods and ecosystem services in Southeast Asia: A review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015

The impact of swidden decline on livelihoods and ecosystem services in Southeast Asia: A review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015

Can the Wrongs be Righted? Prospects for Remedy in the Philippine Oil Palm Agro‐industry

Forest Landscape Restoration: Who Decides? A Governance Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration

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